{
 "id": "concept/abjad-kings-etymology",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "abjad-kings-etymology",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أحرف الجمل على أسماء ملوك مدين",
  "en": "The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عند المسعودي أن أحرف الجمل وهي التسعة والعشرون حرفاً التي يدور عليها حساب الجمل إنما هي على أسماء ملوك قوم شعيب بني المحض بن جندل بن يعصب بن مدين بن إبراهيم: أبجد ملك مكة وما يليها من الحجاز، وهوز وحطي ملكان ببلاد وج وهي أرض الطائف وما اتصل بها من نجد، وكلمن وسعفص وقرشت ملوك مدين وقيل ببلاد مصر، وقيل في الأحرف غير هذا الوجه {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 459}.",
  "en": "al-Mas'udi's etymology of the abjad numeral letters — the 29 letters of the abjad order named after six kings of Shu'ayb's people: Abjad of Mecca and the Hijaz, Hawwaz and Hutti of Wajj (the Ta'if and Najd lands), and Kalamn, Sa'fas and Qursht of Madyan or Egypt {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 459}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "words"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "scripture-and-its-sciences",
  "tradition-versus-culture"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "term",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "مروج الذهب للمسعودي (ط الدار الإفريقية/الشركة العالمية) ج1 ص 459",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-muruj-dhahab-batch-5"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/muruj-al-dhahab"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يروي المسعودي أن أحرف الجمل، وهي تسعة وعشرون حرفاً يدور عليها حساب الجمل، هي على أسماء ملوك قوم شعيب من بني المحض بن جندل بن يعصب بن مدين. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.459}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأسماء",
     "markdown": "وأبجد ملك مكة وما يليها من الحجاز. وهوز وحطي ملكان ببلاد وج، وهي أرض الطائف وما اتصل بها من نجد. وكلمن وسعفص وقرشت ملوك مدين، وقيل ببلاد مصر. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.459}\n\nيذكر المسعودي أن في الأحرف أقوالاً غير هذا الوجه، ولا تفصلها البيانات هنا."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/abjad-kings-etymology",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Al-Masudi relates that the letters of the abjad, twenty-nine in number, on which the reckoning of letter values (hisab al-jummal) is based, are named after the kings of the people of Shu'ayb, of the Banu al-Mahd ibn Jundal ibn Ya'sub ibn Madyan. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.459}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The names",
     "markdown": "Abjad was king of Mecca and its surroundings in the Hijaz. Hawwaz and Hutti were two kings in the land of Wajj, which is the land of al-Ta'if and the parts of Najd joined to it. Kalaman, Sa'fas and Qarashat were kings of Midian, and it is said they were in the land of Egypt. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.459}\n\nAl-Masudi notes that there are other accounts of the letters besides this one, which the records here do not set out."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/abjad-kings-etymology",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
  "concept/al-hadith-al-nabawi",
  "concept/al-shamail-al-muhammadiyya",
  "concept/al-sira-al-nabawiyya",
  "concept/amr-nahy",
  "concept/anwa",
  "concept/asma-al-ayyam-wal-shuhur-jahiliyya",
  "concept/ayyam-al-nuhsat"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}