{
 "id": "concept/ahl-al-diwan",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ahl-al-diwan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أهل الديوان",
  "en": "Ahl al-Diwan (those paid from the state register of soldiers and officers, and the rules of their conditions and distribution)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الديوان لفظ فارسي معرب، معناه مجتمع الصحف والكتاب، ويكتب فيه أهل الجيش وأهل العطية، ويراد به عند الفقهاء الدفتر الذي تثبت فيه أسماء العاملين في الدولة الذين لهم رزق أو عطاء من بيت المال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614} وأول من وضع الديوان عمر بن الخطاب. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615} وأهل الديوان أصناف: أفراد الجيش بشروط تنظيمية كالبلوغ والحرية والإسلام والصحة والقدرة على القتال، وذوو الولايات كالولاة والقضاة والعلماء والسعاة والأئمة والمؤذنين، وذوو الحاجات. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615} واختلف الصحابة في التفاضل بينهم، فكان أبو بكر وعلي يسويان، وكان عمر وعثمان يفضلان بالسابقة، وزاد عمر القرابة من النبي، وأخذ بقولهما أبو حنيفة وأحمد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}",
  "en": "Diwan is a Persian loan-word meaning a collection of sheets and writings, in which the army and those given grants were written; for the jurists it is the register in which the names of those in state service who receive a stipend from the public treasury are recorded, and the office that keeps it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614} Umar ibn al-Khattab was the first to set up the diwan, according to two accounts. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615} The people of the diwan are of several kinds: soldiers, on conditions that are regulatory, such as puberty, freedom, Islam, health and fitness for fighting; holders of office, such as governors, judges, scholars, collectors, imams and muezzins; and the needy. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615} The Companions differed on preference in distribution: Abu Bakr and Ali made it equal, while Umar and Uthman preferred by precedence in Islam, and Umar added kinship to the Prophet; Abu Hanifa and Ahmad followed the latter view. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "politics-governance-and-authority"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «أهل الديوان», pp.3614-3616 of the scan (ends where «أهل الذمة» begins on p.3616). Short technical entry on the state register and its recipients; summarised at the level of the categories and the disputed distribution.",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "الديوان لفظ فارسي معرب، معناه مجتمع الصحف والكتاب، ويكتب فيه أهل الجيش وأهل العطية. وعند الفقهاء: الدفتر الذي تثبت فيه أسماء العاملين في الدولة ممن لهم رزق أو عطاء في بيت المال، ويراد به المكان الذي فيه الدفتر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}\n- أهل الديوان: من يرزقون منه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أول من وضعه",
     "markdown": "عمر بن الخطاب، على خبرين: أحدهما لما جاءه أبو هريرة بمال من البحرين، والآخر أنه احتاج إلى ذلك لمتابعة الجيوش. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أصنافهم",
     "markdown": "- أفراد الجيش، بشروط تنظيمية: البلوغ، والحرية، والإسلام، والسلامة من الآفات المانعة من القتال، والإقدام، وأن يتجرد عن كل عمل. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}\n- ذوو الولايات: كالولاة والقضاة والعلماء والسعاة على المال، وأئمة الصلاة والمؤذنين. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}\n- ذوو الحاجات. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مصارف الديوان",
     "markdown": "قال إمام الحرمين: الصنف الأول المحتاجون ومعظم مستحقي الزكاة، والثاني من كفاهم الإمام ليتفرغوا للإسلام، وهم المرتزقة الذين هم نجدة المسلمين، والذين انتصبوا لإقامة أركان الدين كالقضاة والمفتين والمتفقهين، والثالث بنو هاشم وبنو المطلب الذين يعطون لغناهم واستظهارهم لا لحاجتهم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التفاضل في العطاء",
     "markdown": "- أبو بكر وعلي: التسوية بين أهل الديوان، وهو قول الشافعي ومالك. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}\n- عمر وعثمان: التفضيل بالسابقة في الإسلام، وزاد عمر القرابة من النبي، وأخذ بقولهما أبو حنيفة وأحمد وفقهاء العراق. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "صلته بالعاقلة",
     "markdown": "ذكر بعض الفقهاء أهل الديوان من العاقلة التي تتحمل الدية، بعد أن كانت العاقلة في الأصل القرابة والعشيرة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ahl-al-diwan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Diwan is a Persian loan-word meaning a collection of sheets and writings, in which the army and those given grants were written. For the jurists it is the register of those in the state's service who receive a stipend from the public treasury, and the place where it is kept. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}\n- Ahl al-diwan: those paid from it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its origin",
     "markdown": "Umar ibn al-Khattab was the first to set it up, according to two accounts: one when Abu Hurayra brought money from Bahrain, and one when the ruler needed to follow the soldiers. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its kinds of recipient",
     "markdown": "- Soldiers, on regulatory conditions: puberty, freedom, Islam, freedom from disabling conditions, readiness to fight, and freedom from any other trade. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}\n- Holders of office: governors, judges, scholars, collectors of property, imams and muezzins. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}\n- The needy. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its purposes",
     "markdown": "Imam al-Haramayn names three groups supported by the imam: the needy, who are the bulk of those due zakat; those whose livelihood the ruler secures so that they may serve Islam, namely the paid soldiers and those who maintain the duties of religion such as judges, muftis and jurists; and the Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib, who receive by right of kinship rather than need. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Equality of distribution",
     "markdown": "- Abu Bakr and Ali made distribution equal, the view of al-Shafi'i and Malik. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}\n- Umar and Uthman preferred by precedence in Islam, and Umar added kinship to the Prophet; this view was held by Abu Hanifa, Ahmad and the jurists of Iraq. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Relation to the blood-paying group",
     "markdown": "Some jurists counted the people of the diwan among the group that pays blood-money, which in early times was the kin of the killer. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ahl-al-diwan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "دیوان فارسی لفظ ہے، جس میں فوج اور وظیفہ پانے والوں کے نام لکھے جاتے ہیں۔ فقہاء کے نزدیک یہ وہ رجسٹر ہے جس میں ریاستی ملازمین کے نام درج ہوں جنہیں بیت المال سے وظیفہ ملتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکم",
     "markdown": "- اس کا آغاز حضرت عمر بن خطاب نے کیا۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3614}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}\n- ابوبکر اور علی کے نزدیک وظیفہ میں برابری تھی، جبکہ عمر اور عثمان کے نزدیک سابقہ اسلام کی بنیاد پر ترجیح تھی۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3615}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3616}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ahl-al-diwan",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahl-al-hall-wal-aqd",
  "concept/ahl-al-mahalla",
  "concept/al-idara-al-islamiyya",
  "concept/al-khibra-wa-al-khidma",
  "concept/al-majmua-al-shakliyya",
  "concept/al-qiyada",
  "concept/al-qiyada-al-mawqifiyya",
  "concept/al-ruya-wa-al-risala"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}