{
 "id": "concept/al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الأحرف السبعة",
  "en": "The seven ahruf"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "قول النبي «إن القرآن أنزل على سبعة أحرف فاقرؤوا منه ما تيسر» — رواها عمر لما سمع هشام بن حكيم يقرأ الفرقان على غير قراءته فقاد به إلى النبي فأقرأ كلاً منهما وقال لكلٍّ هكذا أنزلت {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}. وقد اختلف العلماء في ماهيتها اختلافاً واسعاً: فمن أهل العلم من عدّها سبعة أوجه من الحروف في الأمر والنهي والوعد والوعيد والجدل والقصص والمثل، ومنهم من جعلها الاختلاف في الحركات والحذف والتقديم والتأخير والإبدال، ومنهم من ربطها بقراءات الأعراب — وهي مسألة من أدق مسائل علوم القرآن وأوسعها جدلاً.",
  "en": "The Prophet's saying 'the Qur'an was revealed in seven ahruf, so read of it what is easy' — narrated through Umar's dispute with Hisham ibn Hakim over Surat al-Furqan {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}; its exact meaning is one of the widest debates in Qur'anic sciences."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "scripture-and-its-sciences"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "doctrine",
  "issue": {
   "ar": "ما المراد بالأحرف السبعة التي أُنزل عليها القرآن؟",
   "en": "What do the seven ahruf on which the Qur'an was revealed mean?"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "صحيح البخاري (طبعة دار ابن كثير، ترقيم فخر الدين)، تصوير Apple Vision OCR، حديث 2419",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "hadith-bukhari-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "روى البخاري قول النبي إن القرآن أُنزل على سبعة أحرف فيُقرأ منه ما تيسر. {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرواية",
     "markdown": "رواها عمر لما سمع هشام بن حكيم يقرأ سورة الفرقان على غير قراءته، فقاده إلى النبي. فأقرأ النبي كلاً منهما وقال لكل منهما إنها هكذا أنزلت. {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "معنى الأحرف",
     "markdown": "اختلف العلماء في المراد بالأحرف السبعة اختلافاً واسعاً. فمنهم من عدّها سبعة أوجه في الأمر والنهي والوعد والوعيد والجدل والقصص والمثل. ومنهم من جعلها اختلافاً في الحركات والحذف والتقديم والتأخير والإبدال. ومنهم من ربطها بقراءات الأعراب. وتعد المسألة من أدق مسائل علوم القرآن. وتحتاج نسبة كل قول إلى قائله إلى مصدر إضافي.\n\nيرتبط الحديث بـ[[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|عمر بن الخطاب]]. {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Al-Bukhari transmits the Prophet's saying that the Qur'an was revealed in seven *ahruf* (modes), so that whatever is easy of it may be recited. {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The report",
     "markdown": "It was transmitted by Umar, when he heard Hisham ibn Hakim reciting Surat al-Furqan differently from his own recitation. He led him to the Prophet, who had each of them recite, and said to each that it had been revealed in that form. {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The meaning of the ahruf",
     "markdown": "Scholars differ widely on what is meant by the seven ahruf. Some counted them as seven aspects: command and prohibition, promise and warning, disputation, narratives, and parables. Others took them to be differences in vowelling, omission, anticipation and postponement, and substitution. Others linked them to the readings of the Arab tribes. The question is among the most delicate in the sciences of the Qur'an. The attribution of each view to its author would need a further source.\n\nThe hadith is linked to [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|Umar ibn al-Khattab]]. {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 2419}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "passage/bukhari-2419",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "passage/bukhari-2419",
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "event/umar-sermon-on-the-stoning-verse",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-umar",
  "event/abu-al-mukhtar-satire",
  "event/abu-bakr-leads-the-prayers",
  "event/abu-sufyan-conversion"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}