{
 "id": "concept/al-hajna",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "al-hajna",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الهجنة",
  "en": "Al-hajna — the stigma of mixed lineage"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الهجنة عند العرب وصم اجتماعي: قال في لسان العرب الهجنة من الكلام ما يعيبك، والهجين العربي ابن الأمة لأنه معيب، وذكر ابن عبد ربه أن بني أمية لم يكونوا يستخلفون بني الإماء وقالوا لا تصلح لهم العرب، وعلله الأصمعي بنحوٍ نجومي — أنهم كانوا يرون زوال ملكهم على يد ابن أم ولد — بينما يميل أحمد أمين إلى تعليل الناس بالاستهانة بهم، ويحكى أن أعرابياً سأل سوار القاضي عن ميراثه وأخيه وهجين لهما فأجاب أن المال بينهم سواء فغضب الأعرابي لمساواة الهجين به، كما لاقى خالد بن عبد الله القسري هجو الشعراء لأن أمه كانت أمة رومية.",
  "en": "Al-hajna, the Arab stigma of impure lineage: Lisan al-Arab defines it as speech that disgraces you, the hajin being an Arab son of a slave-mother — 'for he is marked'. Ibn Abd Rabbih reports the Umayyads would not appoint the sons of slave-mothers, saying the Arabs do not fit them; al-Asma'i explained it astrologically — they saw their rule ending at a slave-mother's son's hands — but Ahmad Amin favours the popular explanation of sheer disdain. A Bedouin asking the qadi Suwar about his inheritance grew furious when told the hajin shared equally; Khalid al-Qasri, governor of Iraq, was lampooned because his mother was a Greek slave."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq",
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/umayyad",
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "social",
  "sources": [
   "source/duha-islam"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "أحمد أمين، ضحى الإسلام ج1 — الصراع بين العرب والموالي، ص37-38",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-duha-islam-2"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Duha al-Islam via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الهجنة عند العرب وصمة اجتماعية تلحق بابن الأمة. يعرض أحمد أمين في «ضحى الإسلام» أخبارها ضمن الصراع بين العرب و[[concept/mawali|الموالي]]. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "معناها",
     "markdown": "يورد «لسان العرب» أن الهجنة من الكلام ما يعيبك، وأن الهجين العربي هو ابن الأمة لأنه معيب. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "موقف بني أمية",
     "markdown": "ذكر ابن عبد ربه أن بني أمية لم يكونوا يستخلفون أبناء الإماء، وقالوا إن العرب لا تصلح لهم. وعلل الأصمعي ذلك بأنهم كانوا يرون زوال ملكهم على يد ابن أم ولد. أما أحمد أمين فيميل إلى تعليل آخر هو استهانة الناس بهم. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أمثلة",
     "markdown": "يُحكى أن أعرابياً سأل القاضي سوّاراً عن ميراثه وأخيه وهجين لهما، فأجاب أن المال بينهم سواء. فغضب الأعرابي لمساواة الهجين به. {cite:duha-islam}\n\nولاقى [[person/khalid-ibn-abdallah-al-qasri|خالد بن عبد الله القسري]] هجاء الشعراء لأن أمه كانت أمة رومية. {cite:duha-islam}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-hajna",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Hajna (\"hybridity\") among the Arabs was a social stigma that fell on the son of a slave woman. Ahmad Amin, in *Duha al-Islam*, presents its reports within the struggle between the Arabs and the [[concept/mawali|mawali]]. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its meaning",
     "markdown": "*Lisan al-Arab* records that hajna in speech is what disparages you, and that the Arab \"hajin\" is the son of a slave woman because he is defective. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The position of the Umayyads",
     "markdown": "Ibn Abd Rabbih mentions that the Umayyads did not appoint sons of slave women as caliphs, and that they said the Arabs were not suited to be ruled by them. Al-Asma'i explained this by their belief that their rule would end at the hands of the son of a mother who had borne a child as a concubine. Ahmad Amin, however, inclines to another explanation, namely that people held them in contempt. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Examples",
     "markdown": "It is told that a Bedouin asked the judge Suwwar about his inheritance and that of his brother, who was a hajin, and that he answered that the wealth was shared equally among them. The Bedouin was angered at the hajin being made equal to him. {cite:duha-islam}\n\n[[person/khalid-ibn-abdallah-al-qasri|Khalid ibn Abd Allah al-Qasri]] faced the satire of poets because his mother was a Byzantine slave woman. {cite:duha-islam}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-hajna",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "concept/mawali",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "الصراع بين العرب والموالي",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khalid-ibn-abdallah-al-qasri",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "هجي لأن أمه أمة رومية",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/al-mubarak-canal",
  "event/hajjaj-mint-reform",
  "event/marghab-dispute",
  "event/siege-of-ayn-al-tamr",
  "concept/mawali",
  "person/khalid-ibn-abdallah-al-qasri"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}