{
 "id": "concept/al-qiyan",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "al-qiyan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "القيان والجواري المغنيات",
  "en": "The qiyan — singing slave-girls"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "القيان مؤسسة اجتماعية في العصر العباسي الأول: جوارٍ مغنيات يدربهن أسيادهن وأساتذة الغناء على الألحان والأصوات، على نوعين؛ قيان خاصة للخليفة والأمراء والأغنياء يتهادونهن حباً في التجدد، وقيان عامة يملكهن نخاس يعرضهن في بيوت المقينين لسماع الفتيان والإنفاق عليهن كبيت ابن رامني بالكوفة وقينته سلامة الزرقاء الذي كان يغشاه روح بن حاتم المهلبي ومحمد بن الأشعث ومعن بن زائدة وابن المقفع، وقد امتلأ كتاب الأغاني بتراجمهن أمثال عريب ومتيم وبذل وذات الخال وفريدة، وكان منهن الأديبة الشاعرة فبلغت الواحدة ألفي دينار وثلاثة آلاف.",
  "en": "The qiyan institution of the first Abbasid age: slave-girls schooled in airs and modes by their masters — Ibrahim al-Mawsili teaching his own, Abdallah ibn Tahir composing for his — divided between the private singers of caliphs and grandees, gifted round out of fashion for novelty, and the public qiyan a slave-dealer housed in 'houses of the established singers' (buyut al-muqayyin) like Ibn Ramin's at Kufa and his girl Sallama al-Zarqa, whose salon Ruh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi, Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, Ma'n ibn Za'ida and Ibn al-Muqaffa' frequented. The Aghani is full of their tarajim — Arib, Mutayyam, Badhl, Dhat al-Khal, Farida — some poets and litterateurs fetching two or three thousand dinars."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "social",
  "sources": [
   "source/duha-islam"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "أحمد أمين، ضحى الإسلام ج1 — القيان، ص96-97",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-duha-islam-1"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Duha al-Islam via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "القيان جوارٍ مغنيات كنّ مؤسسة اجتماعية في العصر العباسي الأول، كما يصفهن أحمد أمين في «ضحى الإسلام». {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التدريب",
     "markdown": "كان أسيادهن وأساتذة الغناء يدرّبونهن على الألحان والأصوات. وكان [[person/ibrahim-al-mawsili|إبراهيم الموصلي]] يعلّم جواريه الفن. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نوعان",
     "markdown": "القيان الخاصة للخليفة والأمراء والأغنياء، يتهادونهن حباً في التجدد. والقيان العامة يملكهن نخّاس يعرضهن في بيوت المقيّنين لسماع الفتيان والإنفاق عليهن. ومثاله بيت ابن رامني بالكوفة وقينته سلامة الزرقاء، وكان يغشاه روح بن حاتم المهلبي ومحمد بن الأشعث ومعن بن زائدة وابن المقفع. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في الأدب",
     "markdown": "امتلأ كتاب [[work/al-aghani-abu-l-faraj|الأغاني]] بتراجمهن، ومنهن عريب ومتيم وبذل وذات الخال وفريدة. وكان منهن الأديبة الشاعرة، وبلغ ثمن الواحدة ألفي دينار وثلاثة آلاف. {cite:duha-islam}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-qiyan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The *qiyan* were singing slave women, a social institution in the early Abbasid period, as Ahmad Amin describes them in *Duha al-Islam*. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Training",
     "markdown": "Their masters and the teachers of singing trained them in melodies and voices. [[person/ibrahim-al-mawsili|Ibrahim al-Mawsili]] taught his slave women the art. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Two kinds",
     "markdown": "Some qiyan belonged to the caliph, the princes, and the wealthy, who gave them to one another as gifts out of a fondness for variety. Others were common qiyan owned by a broker who displayed them in the houses of those who hired them, so that young men might listen to them, and paid for their upkeep. An example is the house of Ibn Ramni in Kufa, and his singer Salama al-Zarqa', who was visited by Rawh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi, Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, Ma'n ibn Za'ida, and Ibn al-Muqaffa'. {cite:duha-islam}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In literature",
     "markdown": "The book [[work/al-aghani-abu-l-faraj|Kitab al-Aghani]] is full of their biographies, among them 'Arib, Mutayyam, Badhl, Dhat al-Khal, and Farida. Some of them were poets and writers, and the price of one of them reached two thousand dinars and then three thousand. {cite:duha-islam}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-qiyan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/ibrahim-al-mawsili",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "كان يعلم جواريه الفن",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "work/al-aghani-abu-l-faraj",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "امتلأ بتراجم الجواري المغنيات",
   "sources": [
    "source/duha-islam"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/ibrahim-al-mawsili",
  "work/al-aghani-abu-l-faraj"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}