{
 "id": "concept/al-salat-qabl-al-isra",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "al-salat-qabl-al-isra",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الصلاة في أول الإسلام قبل الإسراء",
  "en": "Prayer in early Islam before the Night Journey"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ما ينقله الرحيق المختوم في أول ما فُرض من الصلاة: ركعتان بالغداة وركعتان بالعشي عند مقاتل بن سليمان استدلالاً بآية غافر 55، وقول ابن حجر إن النبي وأصحابه كانوا يصلون قطعاً قبل الإسراء مع الخلاف في فرض شيء قبل الخمس، وتعليم جبريل الوضوء في أول ما أوحي، وصلاة المسلمين في الشعاب مستخفين.",
  "en": "What al-Raheeq al-Makhtum reports on the first prescription of prayer: two rakats morning and evening according to Muqatil ibn Sulayman citing Ghafir 55, Ibn Hajar's statement that the Prophet and his Companions certainly prayed before the Night Journey though whether anything was obligatory before the five prayers is disputed, Jibril's teaching of ablution at the first revelation, and the Muslims praying hidden in the ravines."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "worship-and-the-pillars"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص74–77 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/245–262 ورحمة للعالمين 1/50 ومختصر سيرة الرسول للنجدي ص88 وفقه السيرة ص76 وصحيح البخاري 1/530",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-7b"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul-al-najdi",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/fath-al-bari",
   "source/sunan-ibn-majah",
   "source/fiqh-al-sira-al-ghazali"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 76–77"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كان في أوائل ما نزل الأمر بالصلاة؛ ينقل الرحيق المختوم عن [[person/muqatil-ibn-sulayman|مقاتل بن سليمان]] أن الله فرض في أول الإسلام ركعتين بالغداة وركعتين بالعشي، مستدلاً بآية [[passage/quran-40-55|غافر 55]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.76} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul-al-najdi p.88}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "قول ابن حجر",
     "markdown": "ينقل المؤلف عن ابن حجر أن النبي كان قبل الإسراء يصلي قطعاً وكذلك أصحابه، ولكن اختُلف هل فُرض شيء قبل الصلوات الخمس أم لا، فقيل إن الفرض كان صلاة قبل طلوع الشمس وصلاة قبل غروبها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul-al-najdi p.88} {cite:fath-al-bari}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "تعليم الوضوء",
     "markdown": "روى الحارث بن أبي أسامة من طريق ابن لهيعة موصولاً عن [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|زيد بن حارثة]] أن جبريل أتى النبي في أول ما أوحي إليه فعلّمه الوضوء، فلما فرغ أخذ غرفة من ماء فنضح بها فرجه؛ وروى ابن ماجه بمعناه، ورُوي نحوه عن البراء بن عازب وابن عباس، وفي حديث ابن عباس أن ذلك كان من أول الفريضة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul-al-najdi p.88} {cite:sunan-ibn-majah}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الصلاة في الشعاب",
     "markdown": "ذكر ابن هشام أن النبي وأصحابه كانوا إذا حضرت الصلاة ذهبوا في الشعاب فاستخفوا بصلاتهم من قومهم، وأن [[person/abu-talib|أبا طالب]] رأى النبي و[[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|علياً]] يصليان مرة فكلّمهما في ذلك، فلما عرف جلية الأمر أمرهما بالثبات {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/247}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- في إسناد حديث الوضوء ابن لهيعة، والمؤلف ينقله كما هو من مختصر سيرة الرسول من غير حكم.\n- المسألة فقهية وحديثية؛ المتحف يعرض الأقوال كما ساقها الكتاب من غير ترجيح."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "في أول الإسلام كان المسلمون يصلّون ركعتين في الصباح وركعتين في المساء، وكانوا يذهبون إلى الوديان البعيدة ليصلّوا بعيداً عن أعين قريش."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-salat-qabl-al-isra",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "This belongs to the early period of the revelation of the command to pray. Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum relates from [[person/muqatil-ibn-sulayman|Muqatil ibn Sulayman]] that God made obligatory at the beginning of Islam two cycles (*rak'atayn*) in the morning and two in the evening, citing the verse [[passage/quran-40-55|Ghafir 55]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.76} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul-al-najdi p.88}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Ibn Hajar's view",
     "markdown": "The author cites Ibn Hajar that before the Night Journey the Prophet prayed, as did his companions, but that scholars differ on whether anything was made obligatory before the five daily prayers. It was said that the obligation was a prayer before sunrise and a prayer before sunset. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul-al-najdi p.88} {cite:fath-al-bari}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Teaching the ablution",
     "markdown": "Al-Harith ibn Abi Usama relates through Ibn Lahi'a, with a continuous chain back to [[person/zayd-ibn-haritha|Zayd ibn Haritha]], that Gabriel came to the Prophet at the beginning of the revelation and taught him ablution. When he finished, he took a handful of water and sprinkled his private parts with it. Ibn Majah reports the same in substance; a similar account is transmitted from al-Bara' ibn Azib and Ibn Abbas, and in the hadith of Ibn Abbas it is said that this was at the beginning of what was made obligatory. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul-al-najdi p.88} {cite:sunan-ibn-majah}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Praying in the ravines",
     "markdown": "Ibn Hisham mentions that when the time for prayer came, the Prophet and his companions would go off into the ravines and pray in secret away from their people. [[person/abu-talib|Abu Talib]] once saw the Prophet and [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|Ali]] praying, and spoke to them about it. When he learned the truth of the matter, he told them to persevere. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.77} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/247}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The chain of the ablution hadith includes Ibn Lahi'a. The author transmits it as it stands from the abridged biography of the Messenger, without a ruling.\n- The question belongs to jurisprudence and hadith scholarship. The museum presents the views as the book sets them out, without preference."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "At the beginning of Islam, Muslims prayed two cycles in the morning and two in the evening. They went to distant valleys to pray, away from the eyes of Quraysh."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/al-salat-qabl-al-isra",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "concept/marahil-al-dawa",
  "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
  "event/fatrat-al-wahy",
  "event/second-revelation-al-muddaththir",
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-masud"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}