{
 "id": "concept/amir-al-umara",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "amir-al-umara",
 "label": {
  "ar": "إمرة الأمراء",
  "en": "Amir al-Umara — the over-commandership"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "لقب سياسي جامع تلقّاه أوّل من تلقّاه بحسب مسكويه هارون بن غريب عام 316هـ في خلافة المقتدر، ثم صار باباً للدولة الجديدة حين سلّم الراضي مقاليد الأمور لمحمد بن رائق فاستقل أمير الأمراء بتولية الولاة وعزلهم وتدبير الخراج والضياع والمملكة كلها وخُطب له على المنابر وكُنِّي وأُنفذت إليه الخلع واللواء، فعلت مكانته على الوزير وأصبح الخليفة لا يملك من الأمر شيئاً — وهو المنصب الذي انتقل بعده إلى بجكم ثم إلى أحمد بن بويه الذي لُقّب معز الدولة وحكم بغداد نيابة عن الخلافة نحو قرن.",
  "en": "The office that swallowed the vizierate: according to Miskawayh, first conferred on Harun ibn Gharib in 316 under al-Muqtadir; when al-Radi handed all affairs to Muhammad ibn Ra'iq the amir al-umara appointed and dismissed governors, farmed kharaj and estates, had khutba and kunya and banner — the caliph holding nothing of rule — the title passing to Bajkam then to Ahmad ibn Buya, Mu'izz al-Dawla, who ran Baghdad for the Buyids nearly a century."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq",
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "political",
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "حسن إبراهيم حسن، تاريخ الإسلام ج3 — عصر إمرة الأمراء، ص36-37",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "model": "swe-2-high",
   "run": "lib-hasanibrahim-7"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); extracted from Hasan Ibrahim Tarikh al-Islam via Apple Vision OCR"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "إمرة الأمراء لقب سياسي جامع، يعرض حسن إبراهيم حسن خبره في «تاريخ الإسلام». {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "البداية",
     "markdown": "بحسب مسكويه، كان أول من تلقّاه هارون بن غريب عام 316هـ في خلافة المقتدر. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سلطة الأمير",
     "markdown": "صار اللقب باباً للدولة الجديدة حين سلّم الراضي مقاليد الأمور لـ[[person/muhammad-ibn-raiq|محمد بن رائق]]. فاستقل أمير الأمراء بتولية الولاة وعزلهم، وتدبير الخراج والضياع والمملكة كلها. وخُطب له على المنابر، وكُنّي، وأُنفذت إليه الخلع واللواء. فعلت مكانته على الوزير، وأصبح الخليفة لا يملك من الأمر شيئاً. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بعد ابن رائق",
     "markdown": "انتقل المنصب إلى بجكم، ثم إلى أحمد بن بويه الذي لُقّب معز الدولة، وحكم بغداد نيابة عن الخلافة نحو قرن. وانظر [[polity/buyid-dynasty|البويهيين]]. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/amir-al-umara",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Amir al-umara (\"commander of the commanders\") is a comprehensive political title, whose history Hasan Ibrahim Hasan presents in *Tarikh al-Islam*. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Beginning",
     "markdown": "According to Miskawayh, the first to hold it was Harun ibn Gharib, in the year 316 AH, in the caliphate of al-Muqtadir. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The authority of the amir",
     "markdown": "The title became the gateway to the new state when al-Radi handed the reins of affairs to [[person/muhammad-ibn-raiq|Muhammad ibn Ra'iq]]. The commander of the commanders became independent in appointing and dismissing governors, and in administering the land tax, the estates, and the whole realm. The sermon was delivered in his name from the pulpits, he was given a kunya, and robes of honour and banners were sent to him. His standing rose above that of the vizier, and the caliph came to possess no authority at all. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "After Ibn Ra'iq",
     "markdown": "The office passed to Bajkam, and then to Ahmad ibn Buya, who took the title Mu'izz al-Dawla and ruled Baghdad on behalf of the caliphate for nearly a century. See [[polity/buyid-dynasty|the Buyids]]. {cite:tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim p.36-37}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/amir-al-umara",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-raiq",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "أشهر حملة اللقب",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "polity/buyid-dynasty",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "حمل البويهيون اللقب حكّاماً فعليين",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-islam-hasan-ibrahim"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/ibn-raiq-amir-al-umara-324",
  "person/al-malik-al-rahim",
  "person/ali-ibn-buya",
  "person/muhammad-ibn-raiq",
  "polity/buyid-dynasty"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}