{
 "id": "concept/ariya-madmuna",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ariya-madmuna",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العارية المضمونة",
  "en": "Guaranteed loan (ariya madmuna)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مفهوم فقهي في الضمان المالي استقر في السنة النبوية حين استعار النبي مائة درع من صفوان بن أمية قبل حنين، فسأله صفوان: «أغصباً يا محمد؟»، فقال: «بل عارية مضمونة مؤداة».",
  "en": "A legal principle of property liability established in prophetic tradition when the Prophet borrowed one hundred coats of mail from Safwan ibn Umayya before Hunayn, assuring him: 'Not by force, but a guaranteed loan to be returned.'"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "laws-of-war-and-peace"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 p. 84",
   "generated_by": "Devin",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-2a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 p. 84"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "مفهوم فقهي وقانوني في الشريعة الإسلامية يتعلق بضمان المال المستعار؛ أرساه النبي قبل [[event/battle-of-hunayn|غزوة حنين]] حين استعار سلاحًا من [[person/safwan-ibn-umayya|صفوان بن أمية]] {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/84}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأصل التاريخي",
     "markdown": "لما أجمع النبي الخروج إلى حنين بلغه أن عند صفوان بن أمية سلاحًا وأدرعًا، فبعث إليه يطلبها: «يا أبا أمية، أعرنا سلاحك هذا نلق فيه عدونا غدًا»، فقال صفوان: «أغصبًا يا محمد؟»، فقال: «بل عارية مضمونة حتى نؤديها إليك»، فأعاره مائة درع بسلاحها {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/84}.\n\nوصارت هذه الحادثة أصلًا معتمدًا عند فقهاء المسلمين في التفريق بين الغصب والعارية، وفي وجوب ضمان المستعار إذا هلك أو تلف {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/84}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "طلب النبي أسلحة ودروعًا على سبيل الإعارة من رجل في مكة، وأكد له أنه لا يأخذها بالقوة بل يعيدها إليه سالمة أو يعوضه عنها، ليعلم الناس الأمانة وحفظ حقوق الآخرين."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ariya-madmuna",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "A juristic and legal concept in Islamic law concerning the guarantee of borrowed property; the Prophet established it before the [[event/battle-of-hunayn|Hunayn expedition]] when he borrowed weapons from [[person/safwan-ibn-umayya|Safwan ibn Umayya]] {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/84}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The historical origin",
     "markdown": "When the Prophet resolved to set out for Hunayn, word reached him that Safwan ibn Umayya had weapons and mail; he sent asking for them: \"Abu Umayya, lend us these weapons of yours to meet our enemy tomorrow.\" Safwan said: \"By force, Muhammad?\" He said: \"Rather a guaranteed loan until we return it to you.\" So he lent him a hundred coats of mail with their weapons {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/84}.\n\nThis incident became a settled foundation for Muslim jurists in distinguishing seizure from loan, and in the obligation to guarantee what is borrowed if it is lost or damaged {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/84}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Prophet asked a man in Mecca for weapons and armour as a loan, and assured him he was not taking them by force but would return them safe or compensate him — teaching people honesty and keeping others' rights."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ariya-madmuna",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-hunayn",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/prohibition-killing-women-children",
  "event/distribution-of-hunayn-spoils",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/expedition-to-awtas",
  "event/hawazin-delegation-and-amnesty",
  "event/incident-of-dhat-anwat",
  "event/prophets-speech-to-the-ansar",
  "event/siege-of-taif"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}