{
 "id": "concept/bidah",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "bidah",
 "label": {
  "ar": "البدعة",
  "en": "Bid'a (innovation in religion)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "يرى ابن قيم الجوزية، في منتخب «إغاثة اللهفان»، أن البدعة ما أُحدث في الدين مما لم يأذن به الله ولا رسوله، وأن البدع عند القبور تُحيي الشرك القديم، وأن المبتدع يزعم أنه يعظّم الأنبياء والصالحين وهو يخالف هديهم، وأن الصحابة والتابعين لم يفعلوا شيئاً منها.",
  "en": "As the extract presents Ibn Qayyim's view, an innovation is what is introduced into religion without God's or His Messenger's authority; innovations at graves revive an old polytheism; the innovator believes he honours the prophets and the righteous while contradicting their way; and the Companions and Successors did none of them."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "period/crusades-ayyubid-mamluk"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "creed",
  "worship-and-the-pillars"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "issue": {
   "ar": "كيف يُميَّز ما شُرع مما أُحدث في العبادة، وما الذي يجعل البدعة خطيرة؟",
   "en": "How is what was legislated told apart from what was introduced in worship, and why is an innovation dangerous?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "ighathat-lahfan",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "كل بدعة ضلالة، وأشدها ما أدى إلى الشرك عند القبور؛ والسنة هي المعيار",
     "en": "Every innovation is misguidance, and the worst are those that lead to shirk at graves; the Sunna is the measure"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يقرر ابن قيم الجوزية أن البدعة في زيارة القبور وفي الصلاة عندها تخالف نصوص النهي، وأن الذين يقولون بالبدعة يحرّفون الكلم عن مواضعه ويتأولونه على غير وجهه، ويستشهد بأثر عمر في قطع الشجرة التي بايع تحتها الصحابة، وبأثر أبي سعيد الخدري في بكائه على ما أُحدث. ويرى أن من ارتكب الكبيرة بعد الشرك أسهل إثماً من أن يُحدث في الدين ما لم يأذن به الله.",
     "en": "Ibn Qayyim holds that innovations in visiting graves and in praying at them contradict the explicit prohibitions, and that those who innovate distort the text and read it against its sense. He cites Umar's cutting of the tree under which the Companions pledged, and Abu Sa'id al-Khudri's weeping over what had been introduced. He argues that committing a grave sin after shirk is lighter than introducing into religion what God has not authorised."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/ibn-qayyim-al-jawziyya",
     "work/ighathat-al-lahfan"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 6-8 (مخالفة البدع للسنة)، ص 16-17 (أثر عمر وأبي سعيد)، ص 6 (تحريف المبطلين والجاهلين)",
       "en": "pp. 6-8 (innovations against the Sunna), pp. 16-17 (the reports of Umar and Abu Sa'id), p. 6 (distortion by the misguided and the ignorant)"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "منتخب من إغاثة اللهفان، ص 6-8 و13 و16-17",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5 (book-3 harvest)",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "book-3-ighathat"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; from the extract only; the general definition of bid'a in the wider tradition is not yet added and needs its own sources; OCR is noisy at pp. 6-8"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يقرر [[person/ibn-qayyim-al-jawziyya|ابن قيم الجوزية]] في منتخب «إغاثة اللهفان» أن البدع عند القبور تُحيي الشرك القديم، وأن المبتدع يظن أنه يعظّم الأنبياء والصالحين، وهو في الحقيقة يخالف هديهم {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.8} {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.13}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "موقف المؤلف من البدعة",
     "markdown": "يعرض المؤلف قائمة مقابلة بين ما نهى عنه النبي في القبور، وبين ما يفعله الناس في زمانه: من الصلاة عندها، وإيقاد السرج، وبناء المساجد عليها، ورفعها، والكتابة عليها، واتخاذها أعياداً {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.8}. ويرد المؤلف على من قال إن النهي عن الصلاة في المقبرة لأجل نجاستها، ويرى أن النهي لأجل الشرك الذي يلحق المصلي {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.4}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "أمثلة يذكرها المنتخب",
     "markdown": "- أثر أبي سعيد الخدري في بكائه على ما أُحدث في زمانه {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.16} {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.17}.\n- قطع عمر بن الخطاب الشجرة التي بايع تحتها الصحابة لئلا يُفتن بها الناس {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.16} {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.19}.\n- أثر ذات أنواط، حين طلب بعض الصحابة شجرة يعلّقون عليها أسلحتهم، فقال النبي إنها سنن من كان قبلهم {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.16}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للقارئ",
     "markdown": "هذه أحكام المؤلف ومنهجه، وتعرض منسوبة إليه. ولم يُضف بعد تعريف البدعة في المذاهب والعلماء، وهو يحتاج مصادره الخاصة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/bidah",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Brief",
     "markdown": "In the extract, [[person/ibn-qayyim-al-jawziyya|Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya]] holds that innovations at graves revive an old shirk, and that the innovator believes he honours the prophets and the righteous while he contradicts their way {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.8} {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.13}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The author's position",
     "markdown": "He sets out a list that contrasts what the Prophet forbade at graves with what people did in his own time: praying there, lighting lamps, building mosques over graves, raising them, writing on them, and making them festivals {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.8}. He answers those who say that prayer in a graveyard is forbidden because of its impurity: the prohibition is for the shirk that attaches to the one who prays there {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.4}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Examples the extract gives",
     "markdown": "- The report of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri weeping over what had been introduced in his time {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.16} {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.17}.\n- Umar ibn al-Khattab's cutting of the tree under which the Companions had pledged, so that people would not be tempted by it {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.16} {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.19}.\n- The hadith of Dhat Anwat, when some Companions asked for a tree on which to hang their weapons, and the Prophet said that this was the way of earlier peoples {cite:ighathat-lahfan-muntakhab p.16}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For the reader",
     "markdown": "These are the author's rulings, presented as his. The general definition of innovation in the scholars and the schools is not yet included and needs its own sources."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/bidah",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/al-rizq-al-rububi",
  "concept/grave-veneration",
  "concept/ibada",
  "concept/islam-din",
  "concept/niyya",
  "concept/shahada",
  "concept/abandoning-prayer-takfir",
  "concept/ada"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}