{
 "id": "concept/dhabaih-fiqh",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "dhabaih-fiqh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الذبائح (في الفقه)",
  "en": "Slaughter (dhaba'ih): the lawful killing of animals for food in fiqh",
  "ur": "ذبائح (فقہی احکام: جانور کو حلال طریقے سے ذبح کرنا)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الذبح في الاصطلاح قطع الحلق أو اللبة، والذكاة أعم منه، فهي السبب الموصل لحل أكل الحيوان البري اختيارا أو اضطرارا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8379} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8380} وتنقسم الذكاة إلى اختيارية بالذبح أو النحر، واضطرارية بالجرح عند العجز، وتختص ذكاة ما لا نفس له سائلة بخلاف، وتتبع ذكاة الجنين ذكاة أمه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8381} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8383} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8410} ويشترط لصحة الذبح أن يكون المذبوح حيا وأن يزهق بالذبح، وألا يكون صيد حرم، وأن يكون الذابح عاقلا مسلما أو كتابيا، وأن تكون الآلة قاطعة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8388} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8403} وتجب التسمية عند الجمهور مع القدرة والتذكر، وتختلف المذاهب في حكم الناسي والجاهل. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8398} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8399}",
  "en": "In the terms of the jurists, slaughter is the cutting of the throat or the lower neck; dhaka is the wider term, the means that makes the flesh of a land animal lawful to eat, by choice or by necessity. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8379} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8380} Slaughter is either chosen (cutting the throat or, for the camel, the lower neck) or forced (wounding an animal that cannot be caught); fish and locusts need no slaughter, and a fetus follows its mother's slaughter. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8382} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8383} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8410} For a valid slaughter the animal must be alive, the death must come from the cut, it must not be a game animal of the sanctuary, the slaughterer must be sane and a Muslim or a People of the Book, and the blade must cut. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8388} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8403} The majority require the invocation of God's name when it is remembered and possible, and the schools differ on the forgetful and the ignorant. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8398} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8399}",
  "ur": "فقہاء کے نزدیک ذبح حلق یا لبہ کاٹنے کو کہتے ہیں، اور ذکاۃ وہ عمل ہے جس سے خشکی کے جانور کا گوشت حلال ہوتا ہے، اختیاری ہو یا اضطراری۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8379} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8381} صحتِ ذبح کے لیے جانور زندہ ہو، آلہ تیز ہو، اور ذابح عاقل مسلمان یا کتابی ہو۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8388} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "worship-and-the-pillars",
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «ذبائح»، ص 8379-8412 من المسح (الأرقام المطبوعة للمجلد ص 171-204)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w05-batch13"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword read in full on scan pp.8379-8412 (the entry ends with the cross-reference ذبح see ذبائح, and the next heading ذراع is on p.8413). It is a long legal headword; the entity keeps its main rules and omits the school-by-school detail. Hadiths and the Qur'anic verses are not typed; Urdu is a short draft only."
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الذبح في الاصطلاح قطع الحلق أو اللبة، والذكاة أعم منه، وهي السبب الموصل لحل أكل الحيوان البري اختيارا أو اضطرارا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8379}\nويشترط لصحة الذبح أن يكون المذبوح حيا، وأن يزهق بمحض الذبح، وألا يكون صيد حرم، وأن يكون الذابح عاقلا مسلما أو كتابيا، وأن تكون الآلة قاطعة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8388} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8403}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أنواع الذكاة",
     "markdown": "الذكاة الاختيارية بالذبح لما يذبح، وبالنحر لما ينحر وهو الإبل عند الجمهور، والذكاة الاضطرارية بالجرح في أي موضع عند العجز عن الحيوان، ويسمى ذلك العقر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8381} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8383} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8407} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8408}\nويرى المالكية أن ما ليس له نفس سائلة يحتاج إلى ذكاة، وأما الجمهور فلا يحتاجون إليها في السمك والجراد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8382}\nوذكاة الجنين تابعة لذكاة أمه، ويفصل فيها بحسب خروجه حيا أو ميتا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8410} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8411}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأحكام المتعلقة بالذبح",
     "markdown": "الذكاة تبقي طهارة الحيوان وتبيح أكله، ولحم الحيوان غير المأكول يطهر بها جلده عند الحنفية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8382}\nومن ترك التسمية مع القدرة والتذكر لم تحل ذبيحته عند الجمهور، وذهب الشافعية والحنابلة في رواية إلى تحريم ذبيحة الساهي، وفي الجاهل خلاف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8398} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8399}\nويختلف الفقهاء في ذبيحة الكتابي والمجوسي والمرتد والمتولد، والجمهور يحلون ذبيحة أهل الكتاب ما لم يهل بها لغير الله. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8393} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8394} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8395}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/dhabaih-fiqh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the jurists' terms slaughter is the cutting of the throat or the lower neck; dhaka is the wider term, the means that makes the flesh of a land animal lawful to eat, by choice or by necessity. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8379}\nA valid slaughter needs an animal that is alive, a death that comes from the cut, an animal that is not game of the sanctuary, a slaughterer who is sane and a Muslim or a People of the Book, and a blade that cuts. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8388} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8403}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Kinds of dhaka",
     "markdown": "The chosen dhaka is slaughter (cutting the throat) for most animals, and the lower-neck cut for the camel in the majority view. The forced dhaka is a wound in any part of the body when the animal cannot be caught; this is called 'aqr. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8381} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8383} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8407} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8408}\nThe Malikis hold that animals without flowing blood need dhaka, while the majority do not require it for fish and locusts. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8382}\nA fetus taken from a slaughtered mother follows her dhaka, and the rule depends on whether it comes out alive or dead. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8410} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8411}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Rules of slaughter",
     "markdown": "Dhaka keeps the animal's purity and makes its flesh lawful; the skin of a non-edible animal is clean by dhaka according to the Hanafis. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8382}\nA person who omits the invocation when able and mindful makes the animal unlawful according to the majority; the Shafi'is and in one view the Hanbalis make the forgetful person's slaughter unlawful too, and the ignorant person is disputed. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8398} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8399}\nThe schools differ over the slaughter of a People of the Book, a Magian, an apostate and a child of mixed parents; the majority make the slaughter of the People of the Book lawful unless it was offered to other than God. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8393} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8394} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8395}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/dhabaih-fiqh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "فقہاء کے نزدیک ذبح حلق یا لبہ کاٹنے کو کہتا ہے، اور ذکاۃ وہ عمل ہے جس سے خشکی کے جانور کا گوشت حلال ہوتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8379}\nصحتِ ذبح کے لیے جانور زندہ ہو، آلہ کاٹنے والا ہو، اور ذابح عاقل مسلمان یا کتابی ہو۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8388} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8392}\nنام لینا (تسمیہ) جمہور کے نزدیک قدرت اور یاد ہونے کی صورت میں واجب ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8397}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/dhabaih-fiqh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/dayn-allah",
  "concept/dhahab-fiqh",
  "concept/dhawq-fiqh",
  "concept/halak-fiqh",
  "concept/hay-a-fiqh",
  "concept/la-darar",
  "work/charge-to-amr-ibn-hazm",
  "concept/abandoning-prayer-takfir"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}