{
 "id": "concept/diyana-fiqh",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "diyana-fiqh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الديانة (في الفقه)",
  "en": "Diyana (the rule that a person's own intention is judged before God, not by the court)",
  "ur": "دیانت (فقہی اصطلاح)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الديانة في الاصطلاح الفقهي قبول دعوى الحالف أو المطلق ونحوهما بنيته إذا كان لفظه صريحا واحتمل ما ادعاه احتمالا بعيدا، ولا يقبل ذلك قضاء إذا خالف ظاهر اللفظ، ويترك الأمر فيما بينه وبين الله. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307} وتتفاوت المذاهب في ضبط ما يُدان فيه وما يقبل ظاهرا، ومن ذلك الطلاق واليمين والإيلاء والظهار. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8308}",
  "en": "As a term, diyana means accepting a swearer's or divorcer's stated intention, when the words are clear and the claimed meaning is a remote possibility, though a judge does not accept it against the apparent meaning of the words; the matter is left between the person and God. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307} The schools differ on which claims are accepted in diyana and which are accepted in court too; the same applies to oaths, the vow of abstinence, the zihar formula and similar cases. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8308}",
  "ur": "دیانت فقہی اصطلاح میں اس بات کو کہتے ہیں کہ قسم کھانے یا طلاق دینے والے کی وہ نیت قبول کی جائے جس کا لفظ صریح ہو اور جس معنی کا وہ دعوی کرتا ہے وہ بعید احتمال کے طور پر لفظ میں ہو۔ عدالت ظاہر کے خلاف ایسی بات قبول نہیں کرتی، اور معاملہ اللہ کے سپرد رہتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «ديانة»، ص 8306-8308 من المسح (الأرقام المطبوعة للمجلد ص 98-100)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w05-batch9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword read in full on scan pp.8306-8308 (the next heading ديباج is on p.8309). Related but distinct from concept/qada-wa-al-diyana (other lane; al-Sha'rawi's distinction between judicial and religious ruling), which is not edited. Footnote citations omitted; Urdu is a short draft only."
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الديانة في الاصطلاح الفقهي قبول دعوى الحالف أو المطلق ونحوهما بنيته، إذا كان لفظه صريحا واحتمل ما ادعاه احتمالا بعيدا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}\nولا يقبل ذلك قضاء إذا خالف ظاهر اللفظ، ويترك الأمر فيما بينه وبين الله تعالى. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المثال",
     "markdown": "من قال لزوجته: أنت طالق، ثم قال: أردت طلاقا من قيد حسي، فلا يقبل قضاء ويقبل ديانة. وكذا لو سبق لسانه إلى لفظ الطلاق وقصد غيره. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اختلاف المذاهب في ضبط ما يُدان فيه",
     "markdown": "يرى الحنفية أن المفتي يجوز له أن يفتي بعدم وقوع الطلاق، والقاضي لا يصدقه ويقضي عليه بالوقوع. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307}\nوقال الشافعية بأربع مراتب في دعوى النية، فلا تؤثر دعوى رفع ما صرح به، ولا تقبل ظاهرا دعوى تقييد الطلاق المطلق، ويختلف في تخصيص العموم، وتقع الكنايات ويعمل فيها بالنية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307}\nوفي اليمين والإيلاء والظهار ونحوها لا يقبل منه قضاء إذا ادعى خلاف الظاهر، ويقبل منه ديانة إذا احتمل اللفظ ذلك. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8308}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/diyana-fiqh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "As a term, diyana means accepting a swearer's or divorcer's stated intention, when the words are clear and the claimed meaning is a remote possibility. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}\nA judge does not accept it against the apparent meaning of the words; the matter is left between the person and God. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Example",
     "markdown": "A man tells his wife 'you are divorced' and then says he meant a divorce from a physical bond. The court does not accept that, but he is accepted in diyana. The same holds if his tongue slipped to the word of divorce while he meant something else. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "How the schools fix what is accepted in diyana",
     "markdown": "The Hanafis allow a mufti to advise that no divorce has taken place, while a judge does not accept it and rules that the divorce took effect. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307}\nThe Shafi'is set four grades of claimed intention: a claim that removes what was stated outright is not accepted; a claim that restricts an absolute divorce is not accepted in court, with a dispute over diyana; a claim that restricts a general term is disputed; and words open to divorce take effect by intention. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8307}\nFor oaths, the vow of abstinence, zihar and similar formulas, a claim contrary to the apparent meaning is not accepted in court, but is accepted in diyana if the words bear it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8308}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/diyana-fiqh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "دیانت یہ ہے کہ قسم یا طلاق دینے والے کی ایسی نیت قبول کی جائے جس کا لفظ صریح ہو اور اس کا دعوی بعید احتمال کے طور پر لفظ میں ہو۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}\nعدالت ظاہر کے خلاف یہ بات قبول نہیں کرتی۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8306}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/diyana-fiqh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahliyya",
  "concept/al-dimuqratiyya-wal-sharia",
  "concept/al-fatwa-ala-al-fadaiyyat",
  "concept/al-ilmaniyya-wal-islam",
  "concept/al-rajm",
  "concept/allusion-to-proposal-in-iddah",
  "concept/aman",
  "concept/amana"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}