{
 "id": "concept/economic-condition-jahiliyya",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "economic-condition-jahiliyya",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الحالة الاقتصادية في العرب قبل الإسلام",
  "en": "The economic condition of the Arabs before Islam"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في عرض الرحيق المختوم تبعت الحالة الاقتصادية الحالة الاجتماعية: التجارة أكبر وسيلة للحصول على حوائج الحياة ولا تتيسر إلا بالأمن المفقود إلا في الأشهر الحرم، وفيها كانت تُعقد أسواق عكاظ وذي المجاز ومجنة؛ الصناعات من الحياكة والدباغة في أهل اليمن والحيرة ومشارف الشام، وفي داخل الجزيرة الزراعة واقتناء الأنعام وغزل النساء، والأمتعة عرضة للحروب، والفقر والجوع والعري عام.",
  "en": "In al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account the economy followed the social condition: trade was the chief means of livelihood and needed a security found only in the sacred months, when the fairs of Ukaz, Dhu al-Majaz and Majanna were held; crafts such as weaving and tanning belonged to Yemen, al-Hira and the Syrian marches, while the interior had farming, herding and women's spinning, goods were prey to war, and poverty, hunger and nakedness were general."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "trade-and-finance",
  "the-poor-and-the-worker"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "social",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص43–47 نقلاً عن سنن أبي داود (كتاب النكاح، باب وجوه النكاح؛ باب الولد للفراش) ومعلقة عنترة",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-4a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 45–46"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يرى الرحيق المختوم أن الحالة الاقتصادية للعرب قبل الإسلام تبعت الحالة الاجتماعية، ويتضح ذلك بالنظر في طرق معايشهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.45} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "التجارة والأسواق",
     "markdown": "كانت التجارة أكبر وسيلة للحصول على حوائج الحياة، والجولة التجارية لا تتيسر إلا إذا ساد الأمن والسلام، وكان ذلك مفقوداً في جزيرة العرب إلا في الأشهر الحرم، وهذه هي الشهور التي كانت تُعقد فيها أسواق العرب الشهيرة من [[place/ukaz|عكاظ]] و[[place/dhu-al-majaz|ذي المجاز]] و[[place/majanna|مجنة]] وغيرها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46}. وكانت الأشهر الحرم رحمة وعوناً لهم على حياتهم وحصول معايشهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.45}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الصناعة والزراعة",
     "markdown": "أما الصناعات فكانوا أبعد الأمم عنها، ومعظم الصناعات التي كانت توجد في العرب من الحياكة والدباغة وغيرها كانت في أهل [[place/yemen|اليمن]] و[[place/al-hira|الحيرة]] ومشارف [[place/al-sham|الشام]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46}. نعم كانت في داخل الجزيرة الزراعة والحرث واقتناء الأنعام، وكانت نساء العرب كافة يشتغلن بالغزل، لكن كانت الأمتعة عرضة للحروب، وكان الفقر والجوع والعري عاماً في المجتمع {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما لم يُذكر هنا",
     "markdown": "رحلة الشتاء والصيف وتجارة قريش في الكتاب في مواضعها؛ ونظرة الدراسات الحديثة في اقتصاد الجزيرة قبل الإسلام لم تُضف بعد."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "كان العرب يعيشون من التجارة ورعي الإبل والغنم، وكانت لهم أسواق كبيرة في الأشهر الحرام التي لا قتال فيها، أشهرها سوق عكاظ."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/economic-condition-jahiliyya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "*Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum* holds that the economic condition of the Arabs before Islam followed their social condition, as is clear from the look at their ways of making a living. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.45} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Trade and markets",
     "markdown": "Trade was the greatest means of obtaining the necessities of life. A trading journey was possible only when security and peace prevailed, and this was missing in the Arabian Peninsula except in the sacred months. These are the months in which the famous markets of the Arabs were held, such as [[place/ukaz|Ukaz]], [[place/dhu-al-majaz|Dhu al-Majaz]], [[place/majanna|Majanna]], and others. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46} The sacred months were a mercy and a help to them in their lives and the earning of their livelihood. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.45}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Crafts and agriculture",
     "markdown": "As for crafts, they were the nations furthest from them. Most of the crafts found among the Arabs, such as weaving and tanning, were in [[place/yemen|Yemen]], in [[place/al-hira|al-Hira]], and on the edges of [[place/al-sham|Syria]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46} Within the Peninsula there was farming, tilling, and keeping livestock, and the women of all the Arabs worked at spinning. But goods were exposed to the wars, and poverty, hunger, and nakedness were common in society. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.46}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is not recorded here",
     "markdown": "The journeys of winter and summer and the trade of Quraysh are treated in the book at their own places. The views of modern studies on the economy of the Peninsula before Islam have not yet been added."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Arabs lived by trade and by herding camels and sheep. In the sacred months, when fighting was forbidden, they held great markets, the most famous of which was the market of Ukaz."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/economic-condition-jahiliyya",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/ukaz",
   "type": "practiced_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/dhu-al-majaz",
   "type": "practiced_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/majanna",
   "type": "practiced_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/dhu-al-majaz",
  "place/majanna",
  "concept/tharwat-al-sahaba",
  "place/ukaz",
  "building/al-madina-souq",
  "building/bazaar-tabriz",
  "building/khan-al-khalili",
  "building/souq-al-hamidiyya"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}