{
 "id": "concept/emancipation-of-enemy-slaves",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "emancipation-of-enemy-slaves",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عتق أرقاء العدو عند لجوئهم للمسلمين",
  "en": "Emancipation of enemy slaves upon fleeing to Muslim lines"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مبدأ فقهي حربي أعلنه النبي في حصار الطائف حين نادى مناديه: «أيما عبد نزل إلينا وخرج من الحصن فهو حر»، فنزل بضعة عشر رجلاً منهم أبو بكرة فأعتقهم وسماهم «عتقاء الله»، ورفض ردهم لمواليهم بعد إسلام أهل الطائف.",
  "en": "A legal principle in Islamic law of war established during the siege of Ta'if when the Prophet proclaimed: 'Whichever slave descends from the fortress to us is a free man', freeing over a dozen men including Abu Bakra as 'freemen of God' and refusing to return them upon Ta'if's submission."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "laws-of-war-and-peace",
  "slavery-and-freedom"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 p. 128",
   "generated_by": "Devin",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-2b"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 p. 128"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "قاعدة فقهية في أحكام الجهاد والعتق في الإسلام؛ أعلنها النبي في [[event/siege-of-taif|حصار الطائف]] حين نادى مناديه بحرية من يلجأ إلى عسكر المسلمين من أرقاء العدو {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأصل التاريخي",
     "markdown": "لما طال حصار حصن الطائف وامتنعت ثقيف بأسوارها، نادى منادي رسول الله: «أيما عبد نزل إلينا وخرج من الحصن فهو حر» {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}. فتدلى من الحصن بضعة عشر رجلًا منهم [[person/abu-bakra-al-thaqafi|أبو بكرة نفيع بن الحارث]] ووردان ونافع، فأعتقهم النبي ودفع كل رجل منهم إلى رجل من المسلمين يموّنه ويعلمه القرآن {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}.\n\nولما أسلم أهل الطائف بعد ذلك كلموا النبي في ردهم إليهم، فأبى وقال: «لا، أولئك عُتقاء الله»، فصارت سُنّة ماضية عند أئمة الفقه {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "أعلن النبي في أثناء حصار حصن الطائف أن أي عبد يخرج من الحصن وينضم إلى المسلمين ينال حريته فوراً. فخرج عدد من الأرقاء فأعتقهم ورفض إعادتهم إلى العبودية حتى بعد صلح قومهم."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/emancipation-of-enemy-slaves",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "A juristic rule in Islam's laws of war and manumission; the Prophet declared it at the [[event/siege-of-taif|siege of Ta'if]] when his herald proclaimed freedom for any of the enemy's slaves who took refuge with the Muslim camp {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The historical origin",
     "markdown": "When the siege of Ta'if's fortress dragged on and Thaqif held out behind its walls, the Messenger of God's herald called: \"Any slave who comes down to us and leaves the fortress is free\" {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}. Some dozen men lowered themselves from the fortress — among them [[person/abu-bakra-al-thaqafi|Abu Bakra Nufay' ibn al-Harith]], Wardan and Nafi' — and the Prophet freed them, entrusting each to a Muslim who would provide for him and teach him the Qur'an {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}.\n\nWhen Ta'if's people later became Muslim, they asked the Prophet to return the men; he refused, saying: \"No — those are God's freedmen\", and it became a standing sunna with the imams of fiqh {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/128}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "During the siege of Ta'if's fortress the Prophet announced that any slave who came out and joined the Muslims would gain freedom at once. Several slaves came out; he freed them and refused to return them to slavery even after their people's peace."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/emancipation-of-enemy-slaves",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/siege-of-taif",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/abu-bakra-al-thaqafi",
  "person/nawfal-ibn-muawiya",
  "event/battle-of-hunayn",
  "event/delegation-of-thaqif",
  "group/hawazin",
  "group/thaqif",
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abi-umayya"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}