{
 "id": "concept/hammam",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "hammam",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الحمام",
  "en": "Public Bathhouse"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الحمام بيت الماء العام؛ كان أول حمام اتخذ بالبصرة حمام عبد الله بن عثمان بن أبي العاص الثقفي ثم الثاني حمام فيل مولى زياد ثم الثالث حمام مسلم بن أبي بكرة في بلالاباذ ومكثت البصرة دهراً ليس بها إلا هذه الحمامات وكانت لا تبنى إلا بإذن الولاة حتى أذن لجماعة فكثرت.",
  "en": "The public bathhouse; Basra's first was Abdallah ibn Uthman ibn Abi al-As's, the second Fil's (Ziyad's mawla), the third Muslim ibn Abi Bakra's at Bilalabadh — and for an age the town had only these, since baths were built only by the governors' leave until a wave of permissions multiplied them."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people",
  "place",
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "term",
  "sources": [
   "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)",
   "extraction_flow": "Apple Vision OCR -> manual extraction"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الحمام بيت الماء العام. تتناول البيانات هنا أول الحمامات في البصرة. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حمامات البصرة",
     "markdown": "كان أول حمام اتخذ بالبصرة حمام عبد الله بن عثمان بن أبي العاص الثقفي. والثاني حمام فيل مولى زياد. والثالث حمام مسلم بن أبي بكرة في بلالاباذ. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}\n\nومكثت البصرة دهراً ليس بها إلا هذه الحمامات، وكانت لا تُبنى إلا بإذن الولاة. ثم أذنوا لجماعة فكثرت. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hammam",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The *hammam* is the public bathhouse. The data here cover the first bathhouses in Basra. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The bathhouses of Basra",
     "markdown": "The first bathhouse built in Basra was that of Abd Allah ibn Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi. The second was the bathhouse of Fil, client of Ziyad. The third was the bathhouse of Muslim ibn Abi Bakra in Balalabadh. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}\n\nBasra remained for a long time with only these bathhouses, and they could not be built except with the permission of the governors. Then they gave permission to a number of people, and they multiplied. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hammam",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}