{
 "id": "concept/hima",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "hima",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الحِمى",
  "en": "Hima (protected reserve)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أرض محمية يُمنع رعيها إلا لمن حُميت له؛ في سيرة ابن هشام حمى النبي لأهل جرش حمى حول قريتهم على أعلام معلومة للفرس والراحلة وبقرة الحرث، فمن رعاه من الناس فماله سُحت، وكتب لهمدان أن لهم فراع أرضهم ووهاطها يرعون عافيها ما أقاموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة. وبعد قرنين كان الهمداني لا يزال يعدّد حميات القبائل بأسمائها في كتابه — منها حمى ضَرِيّة وحمى القطيف وحمى النُطاة {cite:sifat-jazirat-al-arab pp. 124-127}.",
  "en": "A reserved pasture closed to all but those for whom it is set aside; in Ibn Hisham the Prophet set a hima around the village of Jurash with marked boundaries for the horse, the riding camel and the plough-ox, declaring the property of any outsider who grazed it forfeit, and wrote to Hamdan that the heights and lowlands of their land were theirs to graze while they prayed and paid zakat. Al-Hamdani's gazetteer still maps the tribal himas by name two centuries on — the hima of Dariyya, of the Qutayf and of the Nuta among them {cite:sifat-jazirat-al-arab pp. 124-127}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "water-and-animals",
  "environment-and-climate",
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 234, 245",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-9b"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa",
   "source/sifat-jazirat-al-arab"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Fable 5.1; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 234, 245"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الحمى أرض يُحميها صاحب الأمر فلا يرعاها إلا من حُميت له. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/234}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في سيرة ابن هشام",
     "markdown": "لما أسلم أهل [[place/jurash|جرش]] حمى لهم النبي حمى حول قريتهم على أعلام معلومة، للفرس والراحلة والمثيرة وهي بقرة الحرث، فمن رعاه من الناس فماله سُحت؛ انظر [[event/surad-campaign-against-jurash|غزوة صرد لجرش]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/234} وفي كتاب النبي لوفد [[event/delegation-of-hamdan|همدان]] أن لهم فراع أرضهم ووهاطها، أي أعاليها ومنخفضاتها، يأكلون علافها ويرعون عافيها ما أقاموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/245}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما لم يُذكر هنا",
     "markdown": "أحكام الحمى في الفقه، وحمى النقيع، وقول النبي «لا حمى إلا لله ولرسوله»، تُضاف من كتب الحديث والفقه."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hima",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "A *hima* is land that the ruler reserves, so that none may graze it except those for whom it has been reserved. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/234}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the Sira of Ibn Hisham",
     "markdown": "When the people of [[place/jurash|Jurash]] embraced Islam, the Prophet reserved for them a *hima* around their village, marked by known signs, for the horse, the riding camel, and the plough-ox (*muthira*). Whoever grazed his livestock there would have gained unlawfully. See [[event/surad-campaign-against-jurash|the campaign of Surad against Jurash]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/234} In the Prophet's letter to the delegation of [[event/delegation-of-hamdan|Hamdan]] it is stated that they have the open pasture of their land and its lowlands and highlands, that is, its heights and its depressions; they may eat its fodder and graze its pastures as long as they maintain prayer and pay the alms. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/245}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is not recorded here",
     "markdown": "The rulings on the *hima* in jurisprudence, the *hima* of al-Naqi', and the saying of the Prophet \"there is no *hima* except for God and His Messenger,\" would be added from the books of hadith and jurisprudence."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hima",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "work/letter-to-hamdan",
   "type": "mentioned_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/delegation-of-hamdan",
  "group/banu-hamdan",
  "person/malik-ibn-al-namt",
  "work/letter-to-hamdan",
  "event/sariyya-of-abu-ubayda-to-sif-al-bahr",
  "concept/bay-al-muharramat",
  "concept/bayyina",
  "concept/haram-al-madina"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}