{
 "id": "concept/hubb-al-sahaba",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "hubb-al-sahaba",
 "label": {
  "ar": "محبة الصحابة وحكم الكلام فيهم (في العقيدة الطحاوية)",
  "en": "Love of the Companions and how to speak of them (in the Tahawi creed)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "قول الطحاوي بمحبة أصحاب النبي وعدم التبرؤ من أحد منهم وألا يُذكروا إلا بخير، وأن من أحسن القول فيهم وفي أزواج النبي وذريته فقد برئ من النفاق.",
  "en": "al-Tahawi's statement that the Prophet's Companions are loved, that none is disowned, that they are mentioned only well, and that whoever speaks well of them, of the Prophet's wives and of his descendants has cleared himself of hypocrisy."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "creed"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "doctrine",
  "issue": {
   "ar": "كيف يُذكر الصحابة، وما الموقف مما جرى بينهم؟",
   "en": "How are the Companions to be mentioned, and what is the position on what happened between them?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanafi",
    "id": "aqida-tahawiyya",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "محبتهم وعدم التبرؤ من أحد منهم وألا يُذكروا إلا بخير",
     "en": "Loving them, disowning none, and mentioning them only well"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يقول الطحاوي إنه يحب أصحاب رسول الله ولا يتبرأ من أحد منهم ولا يذكرهم إلا بخير، وإن من أحسن القول فيهم وفي أزواج النبي وذريته فقد برئ من النفاق."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/al-tahawi",
     "work/aqida-tahawiyya"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/aqida-tahawiyya",
      "note": {
       "ar": "البنود 122 و125 و126، ص 29 و30",
       "en": "articles 122, 125 and 126, pp. 29 and 30"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/aqida-tahawiyya"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanbali",
    "id": "lumat-al-itiqad",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "محبتهم وذكر محاسنهم والكف عن ذكر مساوئهم وما شجر بينهم",
     "en": "Loving them, mentioning their merits and refraining from their faults and what arose between them"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يقول ابن قدامة إن من السنة «تولي أصحاب رسول الله ومحبتهم، وذكر محاسنهم، والترحم عليهم، والاستغفار لهم، والكف عن ذكر مساوئهم، وما شجر بينهم»، ويذكر الترضي عن أزواج النبي ويقول في عائشة إن من قذفها بما برأها الله منه فقد كفر، ويقول: «ومعاوية خال المؤمنين، وكاتب وحي الله، أحد خلفاء المسلمين».",
     "en": "Ibn Qudama says it is of the sunna to take the Companions as friends and love them, mention their merits, ask mercy and forgiveness for them and refrain from mentioning their faults and what arose between them; he adds God's good pleasure on the Prophet's wives, says whoever slanders Aisha with what God declared her free of has disbelieved, and calls Mu'awiya the maternal uncle of the believers, a scribe of God's revelation and one of the caliphs of the Muslims."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/ibn-qudama-al-maqdisi",
     "work/lumat-al-itiqad"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/lumat-al-itiqad",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 40 إلى 42",
       "en": "pp. 40 to 42"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/lumat-al-itiqad"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanbali",
    "id": "aqida-wasitiyya",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "سلامة القلوب والألسنة للصحابة، والإمساك عما شجر بينهم، مع عدم القول بعصمتهم",
     "en": "Safe hearts and tongues toward the Companions, refraining from what arose between them, without claiming their infallibility"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يقول ابن تيمية إن من أصول أهل السنة سلامة قلوبهم وألسنتهم لأصحاب رسول الله، وإنهم يمسكون عما شجر بين الصحابة، ويرون أن ما يُروى من مساوئهم منه ما هو كذب ومنه ما زيد فيه ونقص، وأنهم فيه معذورون مجتهدون مصيبون أو مخطئون، ولا يعتقدون عصمة كل واحد منهم.",
     "en": "Ibn Taymiyya says among the principles of Ahl al-Sunna is the soundness of their hearts and tongues towards the Companions of the Messenger of God; they refrain from what arose between the Companions, holding that some of what is reported of their faults is false and some has been added to or cut down, that they are excused in it as scholars who were right or wrong, and they do not hold each of them infallible."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/ibn-taymiyya",
     "work/aqida-wasitiyya"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/aqida-wasitiyya",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 23 إلى 26",
       "en": "pp. 23 to 26"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/aqida-wasitiyya"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-ashari",
    "id": "maqalat-ashari",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "معرفة حق السلف والأخذ بفضائلهم والإمساك عما شجر بينهم",
     "en": "Knowing the due of the early generations, taking their merits and refraining from what arose between them"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يذكر الأشعري أنهم يعرفون حق السلف الذين اختارهم الله لصحبة نبيه ويأخذون بفضائلهم ويمسكون عما شجر بينهم صغيرهم وكبيرهم.",
     "en": "Al-Ash'ari reports they know the due of the early generations whom God chose for the companionship of His prophet, take their merits and refrain from what arose between them, small and great."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/al-ashari",
     "work/maqalat-islamiyyin"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/maqalat-islamiyyin",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 348",
       "en": "p. 348"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/maqalat-islamiyyin"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "العقيدة الطحاوية، طبعة دار ابن حزم 1995 (نص كامل؛ 134 بنداً، الصفحات 7-32)",
   "generated_by": "Claude (maintainer session)",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "tahawiyya-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/aqida-tahawiyya",
   "source/lumat-al-itiqad",
   "source/aqida-wasitiyya",
   "source/maqalat-islamiyyin"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; read from the full text of al-Tahawiyya (Dar Ibn Hazm 1995, pp. 29, 30); Lum'at al-I'tiqad (Maktab Islami ed., pp. 40 إلى 42) added as a second opinion"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "«ونحب أصحاب رسول الله، ولا نفرّط في حب أحد منهم، ولا نتبرأ من أحد منهم، ونبغض من يبغضهم، وبغير الخير يذكرهم، ولا نذكرهم إلا بخير» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.29}. ويصف حبهم بأنه «دين وإيمان وإحسان»، وبغضهم بأنه «كفر ونفاق وطغيان» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.29}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأزواج والذرية والسلف",
     "markdown": "«ومن أحسن القول في أصحاب رسول الله، وأزواجه الطاهرات من كل دنس، وذرياته المقدسين من كل رجس، فقد برئ من النفاق» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.30}. ويقول إن علماء السلف من السابقين ومن بعدهم من التابعين «لا يذكرون إلا بالجميل، ومن ذكرهم بسوء فهو على غير السبيل» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.30}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "العشرة المبشرون بالجنة",
     "markdown": "انظر [[concept/ashara-mubashshara|العشرة المبشرون بالجنة]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في لمعة الاعتقاد لابن قدامة المقدسي",
     "markdown": "يقول ابن قدامة: «ومن السنة تولي أصحاب رسول الله ومحبتهم، وذكر محاسنهم، والترحم عليهم، والاستغفار لهم، والكف عن ذكر مساوئهم، وما شجر بينهم، واعتقاد فضلهم ومعرفة سابقتهم» {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p.40}، ويستشهد بآية الحشر ويورد حديث «لا تسبوا أصحابي» {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p.41}. ويذكر أزواج النبي ويقول في عائشة: «فمن قذفها بما برأها الله منه فقد كفر بالله العظيم» {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p.41}. ثم يقول: «ومعاوية خال المؤمنين، وكاتب وحي الله، أحد خلفاء المسلمين» {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p.42}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في العقيدة الواسطية لابن تيمية",
     "markdown": "يقول ابن تيمية: «ومن أصول أهل السنة والجماعة سلامة قلوبهم وألسنتهم لأصحاب رسول الله» {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p.23}. ويذكر أنهم «يمسكون عما شجر بين الصحابة ويقولون إن هذه الآثار المروية في مساويهم منها ما هو كذب ومنها ما قد زيد فيه ونقص وغير عن وجهه، والصحيح منه هم فيه معذورون: إما مجتهدون مصيبون وإما مجتهدون مخطئون» {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p.25}، و«لا يعتقدون أن كل واحد من الصحابة معصوم عن كبائر الإثم وصغائره»، ولكن لهم من السوابق والفضائل ما يوجب مغفرة ما يصدر منهم {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p.25}، وإن أصابوا فلهم أجران وإن أخطأوا فلهم أجر واحد والخطأ مغفور {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p.26}. ويذكر أنهم يتولون أهل بيت رسول الله وأزواجه أمهات المؤمنين، ويتبرؤون من طريقة من يبغضون الصحابة ويسبونهم ومن يؤذون أهل البيت بقول أو عمل {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p.25}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في «مقالات الإسلاميين» للأشعري",
     "markdown": "في «حكاية جملة قول أصحاب الحديث وأهل السنة» من «مقالات الإسلاميين» يعرض أبو الحسن الأشعري ما عليه أهل الحديث والسنة، ويختم بقوله: «وبكل ما ذكرنا من قولهم نقول، وإليه نذهب» {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p.350}. يذكر فيه أنهم «يعرفون حق السلف الذين اختارهم الله سبحانه لصحبة نبيه، ويأخذون بفضائلهم، ويمسكون عما شجر بينهم صغيرهم وكبيرهم» {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p.348}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما لم يُذكر هنا",
     "markdown": "يعرض هذا المدخل مواقف العقيدة الطحاوية ولمعة الاعتقاد لابن قدامة والعقيدة الواسطية لابن تيمية وما حكاه الأشعري في «مقالات الإسلاميين» عن أهل الحديث والسنة وقال إنه يذهب إليه، منسوباً كل منها إلى كتابه. ولم تُضف بعد أقوال الماتريدية وبقية المدارس السنية وغير السنية من كتبها، ويحتاج المدخل إلى مراجعة متخصص قبل ترقيته."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hubb-al-sahaba",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "\"We love the Companions of the Messenger of God; we do not go to excess in loving any of them, nor do we disown any of them; we hate whoever hates them and mentions them with other than good; we mention them only with good\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 29}. He describes loving them as \"religion, faith and ihsan\", and hating them as \"unbelief, hypocrisy and transgression\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 29}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The wives, the offspring and the Salaf",
     "markdown": "\"Whoever speaks well of the Messenger of God's Companions, of his wives pure from every stain, and of his offspring sanctified from every impurity, is quit of hypocrisy\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 30}. He says the scholars of the Salaf among the forerunners and the Tabi'in after them \"are mentioned only with what is fine; whoever mentions them with ill is on a path other than the path\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 30}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The ten promised Paradise",
     "markdown": "See [[concept/ashara-mubashshara|the ten promised Paradise]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's Lum'at al-I'tiqad",
     "markdown": "Ibn Qudama says: \"Part of the Sunna is allegiance to the Messenger of God's Companions, loving them, mentioning their merits, asking mercy and forgiveness for them, refraining from mention of their faults and what occurred between them, and believing in their virtue and knowing their precedence\" {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p. 40}; he cites the verse of al-Hashr and cites the hadith \"Do not revile my Companions\" {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p. 41}. He mentions the Prophet's wives, and of A'isha says: \"Whoever accuses her of what God cleared her of has disbelieved in God the Great\" {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p. 41}. Then he says: \"And Mu'awiya is the uncle of the believers and the scribe of God's revelation, one of the Muslims' caliphs\" {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p. 42}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In Ibn Taymiyya's al-'Aqida al-Wasitiyya",
     "markdown": "Ibn Taymiyya says: \"Among the principles of the people of the Sunna and the Community is soundness of their hearts and tongues toward the Messenger of God's Companions\" {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p. 23}. He mentions that they \"hold back from what occurred among the Companions and say: of these reports transmitted about their faults, some are falsehoods, some have had addition and omission and were altered from their proper form; the sound part — they are excused in it: either striving and right, or striving and wrong\" {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p. 25}; \"they do not believe every one of the Companions infallible against great and small sins\", but their precedences and virtues warrant forgiveness of what issues from them {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p. 25}; if right they have two rewards, if wrong one reward and the error forgiven {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p. 26}. He mentions that they give allegiance to the Messenger of God's household and his wives the Mothers of the Believers, and disown the way of those who hate and revile the Companions and those who harm the household in word or deed {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p. 25}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In al-Ash'ari's Maqalat al-Islamiyyin",
     "markdown": "In \"the account of the sum of the saying of the people of hadith and sunna\" in Maqalat al-Islamiyyin, Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari presents what the people of hadith and sunna hold, ending: \"And in all we have mentioned of their saying we speak, and to it we go\" {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p. 350}. He relates there that they \"acknowledge the right of the Salaf whom God chose for His prophet's companionship, take up their virtues, and hold back from what occurred among them, small and great\" {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p. 348}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is not covered here",
     "markdown": "This entry presents the positions of the 'Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Ibn Qudama's Lum'at al-I'tiqad, Ibn Taymiyya's al-Wasitiyya, and what al-Ash'ari related in Maqalat al-Islamiyyin of the people of hadith and sunna and declared his own — each attributed to its book. The sayings of the Maturidis and the remaining Sunni and non-Sunni schools from their own books have not yet been added; the entry needs specialist review before promotion."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hubb-al-sahaba",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahl-al-qibla",
  "concept/akhira",
  "concept/ashara-mubashshara",
  "concept/ashrat-al-saa",
  "concept/ihsan",
  "concept/iman",
  "concept/islam-din",
  "concept/kalam-allah"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}