{
 "id": "concept/hums",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "hums",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الحُمْس",
  "en": "al-Hums"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الحُمْس: الاسم الذي تسمّت به قريش وحلفاؤها (ساموا حماسةً في دينهم)، وابتدعوا به بدعاً في الحج: لا يقفون بعرفة ولا يرمضون إن حلّوا ولا يطوفون عراةً ولا يدخلون بيوتهم إلا من ظهورها في الإحرام.",
  "en": "The Hums: the self-styled ‘rigorous’ fraternity of Quraysh and allies who invented Hajj innovations — shunning ‘Arafa, Rafm clothes, naked tawaf, back-door entry in ihram."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "tradition-versus-culture"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "social",
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 35–47"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "الحُمْس: الاسم الذي سمّت به قريش وحلفاؤها أنفسهم تشبّهاً بالحماسة في الدين، وابتدعوا به بدعاً في مناسك الحج."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القصة",
     "markdown": "كانت قريش يسمون الحُمْس، وهم قريش وما ولدت قريش ومن والاهم من العرب، وكانوا يقولون: نحن أهل الله وسكان حرم الله وقطّان بيت الله، فالعرب كلها يجب عليها أن تعظمنا وتعظم حرمنا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nومن بدعهم التي سنّوها لأنفسهم: أنهم لا يخرجون إلى عرفة ولا يقفون بها لأنها خارج الحرم، فيقفون بالمزدلفة؛ وإذا حلّ أحدهم لم يلبس الثياب المعهودة بل أجرّد أو لبس ثوباً يفضي إلى جلده يدعى الرِّماض؛ وإذا طافوا جرّدوا الرجال والنساء؛ وإذا أحرم أحدهم لم يدخل بيته من بابه بل من ظهره {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "نسخها القرآن",
     "markdown": "فأنزل الله في الوقوف بعرفة: «ثُمَّ أَفِيضُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ» ([[passage/quran-2-199|البقرة 199]])، وفي التعري بالطواف: «خُذُوا زِينَتَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ» ([[passage/quran-7-31|الأعراف 31]])، وفي الدخول من الأبواب: «وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَن تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا» ([[passage/quran-2-189|البقرة 189]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "قريش كانوا يضعون لأنفسهم قواعد خاصة في الحج يعتزون بها، فأنزل الله آيات تُلغي هذه القواعد وتُعيد الحج إلى أصله."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hums",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Hums: the name Quraysh and their allies gave themselves in imitation of zeal for the religion, and they invented for it novelties in the rites of hajj."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The story",
     "markdown": "Quraysh were called the Hums — Quraysh, those born to Quraysh, and their Arab allies — and they used to say: we are God's people, the residents of God's sanctuary and the dwellers of God's House, so all the Arabs must revere us and revere our sanctuary {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nAmong the novelties they instituted for themselves: they did not go out to Arafa nor stand at it because it lay outside the sanctuary, standing instead at Muzdalifa; when one of them wore ihram he did not wear the accustomed clothes but stripped or wore a garment next to his skin called al-rimad; when they made tawaf they stripped the men and women; and when one of them wore ihram he did not enter his house by its door but from its back {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Qur'an abolished them",
     "markdown": "God sent down, on standing at Arafa: \"Then press on from where the people press on\" ([[passage/quran-2-199|al-Baqara 199]]); on nakedness in tawaf: \"Take your adornment at every mosque\" ([[passage/quran-7-31|al-A'raf 31]]); and on entering by the doors: \"It is not righteousness to enter houses from their backs\" ([[passage/quran-2-189|al-Baqara 189]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Quraysh made special hajj rules for themselves in which they took pride; God sent down verses cancelling those rules and returning the hajj to its origin."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/hums",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-2-189",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-2-199",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-7-31",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "practiced_in",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "object/al-uzza",
  "person/zayd-ibn-amr",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/expedition-of-al-qarada",
  "event/expedition-of-al-sawiq",
  "event/expedition-of-badr-al-mawida"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}