{
 "id": "concept/ibadat-al-asnam-jahiliyya",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ibadat-al-asnam-jahiliyya",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عبادة الأصنام في الجاهلية ومراسمها",
  "en": "Idol worship in the Jahiliyya and its rites"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مراسم عبادة الأصنام عند أهل الجاهلية كما يعدّها الرحيق المختوم: العكوف عليها والاستغاثة بها اعتقاداً أنها تشفع عند الله، والحج إليها والطواف بها والسجود لها، والذبح لها وبأسمائها، وتخصيص نصيب من المآكل والحرث والأنعام لها، والنذر، والبحيرة والسائبة والوصيلة والحامي؛ ابتدع أكثرها عمرو بن لحي وظنوها بدعة حسنة لا تغييراً لدين إبراهيم، وأنكرها القرآن في آيات الأنعام والمائدة والزمر ويونس.",
  "en": "The rites of idol worship among the Arabs of the Jahiliyya as al-Raheeq al-Makhtum lists them: devotion and appeal to the idols as intercessors with God, pilgrimage, circumambulation and prostration to them, slaughter for them and in their names, a share of food, crops and cattle set aside for them, vows, and the consecrated animals; most were introduced by Amr ibn Luhayy and thought a good innovation rather than a change of Ibrahim's religion, and the Qur'an rejects them in al-An'am, al-Ma'ida, al-Zumar and Yunus."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "creed",
  "tradition-versus-culture"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "belief",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص35–42 نقلاً عن مختصر سيرة الرسول لمحمد بن عبد الوهاب ص12–54 وصحيح البخاري 1/222 و1/499 وابن هشام 1/20–36 و1/89–90 و1/152–153 و1/199–203 وقلب جزيرة العرب ص151 وتفهيم القرآن 6/297–298 وتاريخ أرض القرآن 2/193–208",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-3a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/mukhtasar-sirat-al-rasul",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 35–37"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كانت لأهل الجاهلية تقاليد ومراسم في عبادة الأصنام ابتدع أكثرها [[person/amr-ibn-luhayy|عمرو بن لحي]]، وكانوا يظنون أن ما أحدثه بدعة حسنة وليس بتغيير لدين إبراهيم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}. يعدّها الرحيق المختوم ستة أنواع ويذكر الآيات التي أنكرتها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراسم الستة",
     "markdown": "1. كانوا يعكفون عليها ويلتجئون إليها ويهتفون بها ويستغيثونها في الشدائد ويدعونها لحاجاتهم، معتقدين أنها تشفع عند الله وتحقق لهم ما يريدون {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}.\n2. وكانوا يحجون إليها ويطوفون حولها ويتذللون عندها ويسجدون لها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}.\n3. وكانوا يتقربون إليها بأنواع من القرابين، فيذبحون وينحرون لها وبأسمائها، وهذان النوعان من الذبح ذكرهما القرآن في [[passage/quran-5-3|المائدة 3]] و[[passage/quran-6-121|الأنعام 121]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}.\n4. وكانوا يخصون للأصنام شيئاً من مآكلهم ومشاربهم ونصيباً من حرثهم وأنعامهم، ومن الطرائف عند المؤلف أنهم كانوا يخصون من ذلك جزءاً لله أيضاً، وكانت عندهم أسباب كثيراً ما ينقلون لأجلها إلى الأصنام ما كان لله ولا ينقلون إلى الله ما كان لأصنامهم بحال، كما في [[passage/quran-6-136|الأنعام 136]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}.\n5. وكان من أنواع التقرب النذر في الحرث والأنعام، كما في [[passage/quran-6-138|الأنعام 138]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}.\n6. وكانت منها [[concept/sacred-livestock-jahiliyya|البحيرة والسائبة والوصيلة والحامي]] التي يعرّفها ابن إسحاق وأنكرها القرآن في [[passage/quran-5-103|المائدة 103]] و[[passage/quran-6-139|الأنعام 139]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/89-90}. وقد صرّح [[person/said-ibn-al-musayyab|سعيد بن المسيب]] أن هذه الأنعام كانت لطواغيتهم، وفي الصحيح مرفوعاً أن عمرو بن لحي أول من سيّب السوائب {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/499}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الاعتقاد وراءها",
     "markdown": "كانت العرب تفعل كل ذلك بأصنامهم معتقدين أنها تقربهم إلى الله وتوصلهم إليه وتشفع لديه، كما حكى القرآن عنهم في [[passage/quran-39-3|الزمر 3]] و[[passage/quran-10-18|يونس 18]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما يقرب منها",
     "markdown": "الاستقسام ب[[concept/azlam|الأزلام]] عند هبل، و[[concept/maysar|الميسر]]، وتصديق [[concept/kahana|الكهنة والعرافين والمنجمين]]، والإيمان ب[[concept/anwa|الأنواء]]، و[[concept/tiyara|الطيرة]] و[[concept/hama|الهامة]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.38}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما لم يُذكر هنا",
     "markdown": "هذا عرض المؤلف عن مختصر سيرة الرسول لمحمد بن عبد الوهاب وابن هشام والبخاري؛ نظرة الدراسات الحديثة في ديانة العرب قبل الإسلام لم تُضف بعد."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "كان الناس قبل الإسلام يطوفون حول الأصنام ويذبحون لها ويطلبون منها الحاجات، ويظنون أنها تقرّبهم إلى الله."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ibadat-al-asnam-jahiliyya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The people of the Jahiliyya had traditions and rites in idol worship, most of which were introduced by [[person/amr-ibn-luhayy|Amr ibn Luhayy]]. They believed that what he introduced was a good innovation and not a change to the religion of Abraham. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36} *Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum* counts them as six kinds, and mentions the verses that denounced them. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The six rites",
     "markdown": "1. They would cling to them, seek refuge in them, call out to them, appeal to them in hardship, and call on them for their needs, believing that they intercede with God and fulfil what they wished. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}\n2. They would make the pilgrimage to them, circumambulate them, humble themselves before them, and prostrate to them. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}\n3. They drew near to them with kinds of offerings, slaughtering and sacrificing for them and in their names. The Qur'an mentions these two kinds of slaughter in [[passage/quran-5-3|al-Ma'ida 3]] and [[passage/quran-6-121|al-An'am 121]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}\n4. They set aside for the idols some of their food and drink and a share of their crops and livestock. As a curiosity, the author notes, they also set aside a portion for God, and for many reasons they often transferred to the idols what was God's, but never transferred to God what was for their idols, as in [[passage/quran-6-136|al-An'am 136]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}\n5. Among the kinds of drawing near was the vow concerning crops and livestock, as in [[passage/quran-6-138|al-An'am 138]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36}\n6. Among them were [[concept/sacred-livestock-jahiliyya|the bahira, the sa'iba, the wasila, and the ham]], which Ibn Ishaq defines and which the Qur'an denounced in [[passage/quran-5-103|al-Ma'ida 103]] and [[passage/quran-6-139|al-An'am 139]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.36} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/89-90} [[person/said-ibn-al-musayyab|Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab]] stated that these animals belonged to their idols, and the Sahih reports as a raised saying that Amr ibn Luhayy was the first to let loose the *sawa'ib*. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/499}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The belief behind them",
     "markdown": "The Arabs did all this for their idols, believing that they brought them near to God, connected them to Him, and interceded for them with Him, as the Qur'an relates of them in [[passage/quran-39-3|al-Zumar 3]] and [[passage/quran-10-18|Yunus 18]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Related practices",
     "markdown": "Seeking decisions by [[concept/azlam|the arrows]] at Hubal, [[concept/maysar|gambling]], believing [[concept/kahana|soothsayers, diviners, and astrologers]], belief in [[concept/anwa|the rising of the stars]], [[concept/tiyara|augury]], and [[concept/hama|the owl]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.37} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.38}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is not recorded here",
     "markdown": "This is the author's account, taken from the abridgement of the Messenger's biography by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, from Ibn Hisham, and from al-Bukhari. The views of modern studies on the religion of the Arabs before Islam have not yet been added."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Before Islam, people went around idols, slaughtered animals for them, and asked them for their needs, believing that they brought them closer to God."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ibadat-al-asnam-jahiliyya",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 12,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-10-18",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "يذكرها الرحيق المختوم ص36–37 في مراسم عبادة الأصنام.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-39-3",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "يذكرها الرحيق المختوم ص36–37 في مراسم عبادة الأصنام.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-6-136",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "يذكرها الرحيق المختوم ص36–37 في مراسم عبادة الأصنام.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-6-138",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "يذكرها الرحيق المختوم ص36–37 في مراسم عبادة الأصنام.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "practiced_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "practiced_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/manasib-quraysh",
  "event/capture-and-islam-of-thumama-ibn-uthal",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/expedition-of-banu-al-mustaliq",
  "event/incident-of-al-raji",
  "event/last-quraysh-delegation-to-abu-talib",
  "event/partition-of-meccan-offices",
  "event/plot-of-dar-al-nadwa"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}