{
 "id": "concept/ihana",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ihana",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الإهانة",
  "en": "Ihana (humiliation, as a wrong against persons and faith and as a penalty)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الإهانة لغة مصدر أهان، والفعل هان بمعنى ذل وحقر، وهي من صور الاستهزاء والاستخفاف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595} وترد عند الفقهاء باعتبارين: عدوانا تستوجب العقوبة، فإن لحقت بالعقيدة والشريعة كالسجود لصنم أو إلقاء المصحف في قاذورة فكفر، وإن لحقت الناس بغير حق من سب وشتم وضرب فمعصية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595} وقد تكون عقوبة مقررة كإهانة أهل الذمة بالجزية، وإهانة المعتدي بالشتم بعقوبة خفيفة بحسب قدر المهان. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596} وتأتي غالبا في أبواب الردة والقذف والتعزير. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596}",
  "en": "Ihana is lexically the act of abasing, from the verb hana, to be humbled, and it is one of the forms of mockery and contempt. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595} For the jurists it arises in two ways: as a wrong that invites a penalty, which is unbelief when it touches faith or the law, such as bowing to an idol or throwing a copy of the Qur'an into filth, and sin when it touches people unjustly, such as insult or beating; and as a penalty fixed by the law, such as the humiliation of protected non-Muslims in paying the poll tax, or a light penalty for one who insults another, in proportion to the rank of the person. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596} It arises chiefly in the chapters on apostasy, slander and discretionary punishment. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "ethics-and-character"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "ethical",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «إهانة», pp.3595-3596 of the scan (ends where «إهداء» (a cross-reference to «هدية») and «أهل» (a cross-reference to «آل») begin on p.3596). Short ethical and legal entry.",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "الإهانة لغة مصدر أهان، والفعل هان بمعنى ذل وحقر، وهي من صور الاستهزاء والاستخفاف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الاعتباران",
     "markdown": "- الإهانة عدوانا: تستوجب العقوبة. فإن لحقت بالعقيدة والشريعة، كالسجود لصنم أو إلقاء مصحف في قاذورة أو سب الأنبياء والملائكة، فهي كفر. وإن لحقت الناس بغير حق، كالسب والشتم والضرب، فهي معصية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}\n- الإهانة عقوبة مقررة: كأخذ الجزية من أهل الكتاب مع الصغار، وكعقوبة من يشتم غيره بقدر مكانة المشتوم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "استثناءات",
     "markdown": "قد يكون الفعل في ظاهره إهانة، ولكن القصد أو الضرورة يبعدانه عنها، كالبصاق على اللوح لمحو الكتابة، وإلقاء المصاحف من السفينة عند الغرق لإنقاذ الروح. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواطن البحث",
     "markdown": "غالبا في الردة والقذف والتعزير. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihana",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Ihana is lexically the act of abasing, from hana, to be humbled; it is one of the forms of mockery and contempt. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The two senses",
     "markdown": "- As a wrong, it invites a penalty. When it touches faith or the law, such as bowing to an idol, throwing a copy of the Qur'an into filth, or insulting the prophets and angels, it is unbelief. When it touches people unjustly, such as insult or beating, it is sin. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}\n- As a fixed penalty: such as the humiliation of protected non-Muslims in paying the poll tax, or a light penalty for one who insults another, in proportion to the rank of the one insulted. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Exceptions",
     "markdown": "An act that looks like humiliation may be excused by intention or necessity, such as spitting on a board to erase the writing on it, or throwing copies of the Qur'an from a ship in danger of sinking to save lives. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Where it is treated",
     "markdown": "Chiefly under apostasy, slander and discretionary punishment. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihana",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "اہانت لغت میں ذلیل کرنے اور حقیر ٹھہرانے کو کہتے ہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکم",
     "markdown": "- اگر اہانت دین یا شریعت سے متعلق ہو تو کفر ہے، اور اگر لوگوں سے ناحق ہو تو گناہ ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}\n- اہانت بطور سزا بھی مقرر ہو سکتی ہے، اور اس کی مقدار مخاطب کی حیثیت کے مطابق ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3595}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3596}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihana",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ada-al-dayn",
  "concept/ada-al-shahada",
  "concept/adab-hamil-al-quran",
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adha-fiqh",
  "concept/adl-wal-fadl",
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}