{
 "id": "concept/ihmal",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ihmal",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الإهمال",
  "en": "Ihmal (neglect or carelessness as a ground for liability, and the rule that speech is to be given effect rather than left void)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الإهمال لغة الترك، وأهمل أمره لم يحكمه، ولا يخرج معناه الاصطلاحي عن ذلك. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663} والإهمال في الأمانات إذا أدى إلى هلاكها أو ضياعها يوجب الضمان، فالأمين لا يضمن إلا بالتعدي أو الإهمال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663} وإهمال الأجير الخاص يوجب الضمان، والأجير المشترك ضامن عند جمهور الفقهاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664} وإهمال الحاذق من طبيب أو ختان أو معلم يوجب ضمان ما يحدث بسببه، وكذلك إهمال القاطع في القصاص والحد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664} والقاعدة أن إعمال الكلام أولى من إهماله، فإن تعذرت الحقيقة والمجاز أُهمل الكلام ولغا، كدعوى قتل المورث وهو حي، وكدعوى بنوة من هو معروف النسب لغيره. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3665}",
  "en": "Ihmal is lexically leaving a thing neglected; the technical sense keeps this meaning. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663} Neglect in a trust that leads to its loss makes the trustee liable, since a trustee is liable only for excess or neglect. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663} The neglect of a private hired worker creates liability, and a shared worker is liable by the majority. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664} The neglect of a skilled practitioner, such as a doctor, circumciser or teacher, makes him liable for what follows, as does a cutter who exceeds his mandate in retaliation or in the hand cut for theft. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664} The rule is that speech is to be given effect rather than left void; when neither the literal nor the figurative sense is possible, the speech is left void, as in a claim that a living man has been killed by his heir, or that a child of known lineage is one's son. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3665}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "term",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «إهمال», pp.3663-3665 of the scan (ends where «أوزان» (cross-reference to «مقادير») and «أوسق» and «أوصاف» begin on p.3665; «أوقات الصلاة» begins p.3666). Technical term in liability and in the interpretation of speech; summarised at the level of definition and principal rules.",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "الإهمال لغة الترك، وأهمل أمره: لم يحكمه، وأهمله: خلى بينه وبين نفسه، أو تركه ولم يستعمله. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الإهمال والضمان",
     "markdown": "- في الأمانات: إذا أدى الإهمال إلى الهلاك أو الضياع وجب الضمان، لأن الأمين لا يضمن إلا بالتعدي أو الإهمال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}\n- الأجير الخاص يضمن بالإهمال، والأجير المشترك ضامن مطلقا عند جمهور الفقهاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}\n- إهمال الحاذق كالطبيب والختان والمعلم يوجب ضمان ما يحدث بسببه، وكذلك إهمال القاطع في القصاص وقطع يد السارق. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "إعمال الكلام أولى من إهماله",
     "markdown": "القاعدة أن إعمال الكلام أولى من إهماله، لأن المهمل لغو. فإذا تعذرت الحقيقة حُمل الكلام على المجاز، فإن تعذرت الحقيقة والمجاز أهمل الكلام ولغا، كدعوى قتل المورث وهو حي، أو قطع العضو وهو قائم، أو نسب من هو معروف النسب لغيره. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3665}\n- التعذر إما بعدم الإمكان، أو بالشرع، أو بالهجر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}\n- تكذيب الحس أو ما في حكمه، كدعوى البلوغ ممن لا يحتمله سنه، يُلغى الكلام ولو أقيمت البينة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3665}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihmal",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Ihmal is lexically leaving a thing neglected, or letting it go without management or use. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Neglect and liability",
     "markdown": "- In trusts: neglect that leads to loss or destruction creates liability, since a trustee is liable only for excess or neglect. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}\n- A private hired worker is liable for neglect; a shared worker is liable in all cases by the majority. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}\n- Neglect by a skilled practitioner, such as a doctor, circumciser or teacher, makes him liable for what follows, as does a cutter who exceeds his mandate in retaliation or in the cutting for theft. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Giving effect to speech",
     "markdown": "The rule is that speech should be given effect rather than left void, since void speech is idle. When the literal sense is impossible, a figurative sense is used; when neither is possible, the speech is left void, as in a claim that a living man has been killed by his heir, that a limb has been cut from one who stands, or that a child of known lineage is one's son. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3665}\n- The impossibility may be of fact, of law, or by disuse. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}\n- Where the claim is contradicted by the senses, or what is like the senses, such as a claim of puberty in one too young, it is void, even if evidence is produced. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3665}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihmal",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "اہمال لغت میں ترک کرنے اور بے توجہی کو کہتے ہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکم",
     "markdown": "- امانت میں اہمال سے نقصان ہو تو ضمان لازم ہے، کیونکہ امین صرف زیادتی یا اہمال سے ضامن ہوتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3663}\n- ماہر طبیب یا معلم کے اہمال سے جو نقصان ہو اس کا ضمان ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}\n- کلام کو معتبر بنانا اہمال سے بہتر ہے، اور جو کلام حقیقت اور مجاز دونوں سے ممکن نہ ہو وہ لغو ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3664}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3665}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihmal",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahliyya",
  "concept/al-dimuqratiyya-wal-sharia",
  "concept/al-fatwa-ala-al-fadaiyyat",
  "concept/al-ilmaniyya-wal-islam",
  "concept/al-rajm",
  "concept/allusion-to-proposal-in-iddah",
  "concept/aman",
  "concept/amana"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}