{
 "id": "concept/ijma",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ijma",
 "label": {
  "ar": "إجماع",
  "en": "Consensus (ijma')"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الإجماع في اللغة العزم، وقد يراد به الاتفاق، وعند الأصوليين اتفاق جميع المجتهدين من أمة محمد بعد عصره على أمر شرعي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} وهو حجة قطعية على الصحيح إذا اتفق المعتبرون على أنه إجماع، ولا يحتج به في ما يتوقف عليه حجيته كوجود الله ورسالة النبي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}",
  "en": "In the lexicon ijma' means resolve, and sometimes agreement. For the usulis it is the agreement of all the mujtahids of the community after the Prophet's time on a matter of law. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} It is a definitive proof when the recognised scholars agree that it is a consensus; it is not used to prove what its own validity depends on, such as God's existence or the Prophet's mission. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، الجزء الثاني، ص 1697 وما بعدها من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w01-batch-23"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3",
   "source/assabile-omar-abdelkafy"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 0,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; drafted from scan pages stated in the sections; summary-level; footnotes omitted; printed folios not verified; page images absent, text only"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الإجماع في اللغة العزم، وقد يراد به الاتفاق، وعند الأصوليين اتفاق جميع المجتهدين من أمة محمد بعد عصره على أمر شرعي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} وهو حجة قطعية على الصحيح إذا اتفق المعتبرون على أنه إجماع، ولا يحتج به في ما يتوقف عليه حجيته كوجود الله ورسالة النبي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Who makes up the consensus",
     "markdown": "The majority of Sunnis hold that consensus is formed by the agreement of mujtahids; the opinion of others does not count. The disagreement of innovators counts unless their innovation is one that takes them out of the community; the extreme Rafidah, for example, are excluded. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Authority and silent consensus",
     "markdown": "Consensus is definitive when the recognised scholars agree that it is consensus, and not when they differ, as in a silent consensus or where a dissent is rare. Some doubted that it can be transmitted. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Scope and basis",
     "markdown": "Consensus may be used for religious matters, of belief or practice; rational matters are settled by definitive proofs. Every consensus must rest on a text or an analogy, even a hidden one. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Consensus, abrogation and ranking",
     "markdown": "Consensus cannot abrogate or be abrogated by consensus, since consensus happens only after the Prophet's death. When it contradicts a text, it shows that the text is abrogated. Al-Ghazali ranks consensus above the Qur'an and Sunna in the search for proof; Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i takes it as a proof but not a consensus; al-Shafi'i and others deny that it is a proof. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1699}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عند الشيخ عمر عبد الكافي",
     "markdown": "يستدل الشيخ بإجماع الصحابة في قتال مانعي الزكاة، ويقول إن الأحكام تؤخذ من القرآن والسنة وإجماع الصحابة. {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy aadau-al-islam/ep01 00:18:30}\nويسأل هل أخطأ أبو بكر حين قاتل الذين منعوا الزكاة، ويذكر أن عمر وعليا وغيرهما وافقوه. {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy aadau-al-islam/ep01 00:18:30} (needs_source: القائمة الكاملة للأسماء غير واضحة في النسخة الآلية.)"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ijma",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon ijma' means resolve, and sometimes agreement. For the usulis it is the agreement of all the mujtahids of the community after the Prophet's time on a matter of law. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} It is a definitive proof when the recognised scholars agree that it is a consensus; it is not used to prove what its own validity depends on, such as God's existence or the Prophet's mission. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Who makes up the consensus",
     "markdown": "The majority of Sunnis hold that consensus is formed by the agreement of mujtahids; the opinion of others does not count. The disagreement of innovators counts unless their innovation is one that takes them out of the community; the extreme Rafidah, for example, are excluded. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Authority and silent consensus",
     "markdown": "Consensus is definitive when the recognised scholars agree that it is consensus, and not when they differ, as in a silent consensus or where a dissent is rare. Some doubted that it can be transmitted. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Scope and basis",
     "markdown": "Consensus may be used for religious matters, of belief or practice; rational matters are settled by definitive proofs. Every consensus must rest on a text or an analogy, even a hidden one. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Consensus, abrogation and ranking",
     "markdown": "Consensus cannot abrogate or be abrogated by consensus, since consensus happens only after the Prophet's death. When it contradicts a text, it shows that the text is abrogated. Al-Ghazali ranks consensus above the Qur'an and Sunna in the search for proof; Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i takes it as a proof but not a consensus; al-Shafi'i and others deny that it is a proof. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1699}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy's use of the consensus",
     "markdown": "He cites the consensus of the Companions in the matter of fighting those who withheld zakat, and says rulings are taken from the Qur'an, the Sunna and the consensus of the Companions. {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy aadau-al-islam/ep01 00:18:30}\nHe asks whether Abu Bakr was wrong to fight those who withheld zakat, and says Umar, Ali and others agreed with him. {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy aadau-al-islam/ep01 00:18:30} (needs_source: the full list of names is not clear in the automatic transcript.)"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ijma",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "إجماع لغت میں ارادہ اور اتفاق کے معنی میں آتا ہے، اور اصولیین کے نزدیک امت کے تمام مجتہدین کا کسی شرعی حکم پر اتفاق۔ صحیح قول کے مطابق یہ قطعی حجت ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Who makes up the consensus",
     "markdown": "The majority of Sunnis hold that consensus is formed by the agreement of mujtahids; the opinion of others does not count. The disagreement of innovators counts unless their innovation is one that takes them out of the community; the extreme Rafidah, for example, are excluded. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1697} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Authority and silent consensus",
     "markdown": "Consensus is definitive when the recognised scholars agree that it is consensus, and not when they differ, as in a silent consensus or where a dissent is rare. Some doubted that it can be transmitted. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Scope and basis",
     "markdown": "Consensus may be used for religious matters, of belief or practice; rational matters are settled by definitive proofs. Every consensus must rest on a text or an analogy, even a hidden one. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1698}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Consensus, abrogation and ranking",
     "markdown": "Consensus cannot abrogate or be abrogated by consensus, since consensus happens only after the Prophet's death. When it contradicts a text, it shows that the text is abrogated. Al-Ghazali ranks consensus above the Qur'an and Sunna in the search for proof; Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i takes it as a proof but not a consensus; al-Shafi'i and others deny that it is a proof. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1699}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "شیخ عمر عبدالکافی کے ہاں اجماع کا استدلال",
     "markdown": "وہ زکوٰۃ روکنے والوں سے قتال کے مسئلے میں صحابہ کے اجماع سے استدلال کرتے ہیں، اور کہتے ہیں کہ احکام قرآن، سنت اور صحابہ کے اجماع سے لیے جاتے ہیں۔ {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy aadau-al-islam/ep01 00:18:30}\nوہ پوچھتے ہیں کہ کیا ابوبکر نے زکوٰۃ روکنے والوں سے قتال کر کے غلطی کی، اور کہتے ہیں کہ عمر، علی اور دوسروں نے ان کی موافقت کی۔ {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy aadau-al-islam/ep01 00:18:30} (needs_source: پوری فہرست ناموں کی خودکار ٹرانسکرپشن میں واضح نہیں۔)"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ijma",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adl",
  "concept/adwa",
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd",
  "concept/ajal",
  "concept/ajir",
  "concept/ajnabi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}