{
 "id": "concept/illa",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "illa",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العِلَّة",
  "en": "The effective cause (illa) in legal reasoning",
  "ur": "علت (علتِ حکم)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العلة في اللغة المرض، وتطلق على السبب، وفي اصطلاح الأصوليين وصف ظاهر منضبط أضافه الشارع إلى الحكم ونصبه علامة عليه، وهي غير الحكمة التي هي المصلحة المقصودة من تشريع الحكم {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11793}. وتفترق العلة عن السبب في أن الحكم يترتب على العلة بذاتها دون أن تكون مؤثرة فيه بواسطة، وعن الشرط بأن الشرط مناسبته في غيره، وعن المانع {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794}. والعلة من أركان القياس، وإذا لم يدرك العقل علة الأصل امتنع القياس {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794}. وشروط العلة أن تكون وصفاً ظاهراً منضبطاً متعدياً غير مقصور على الأصل، وألا تكون من الأوصاف التي ألغاها الشارع، ويقيم الشارع مقام الأمر الخفي أمراً ظاهراً يدل عليه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11796}. وتثبت العلة بالنص الصريح كلفظ التعليل، وبالإيماء والتنبيه على الأسباب، وبالإجماع، وبالاستنباط، ومنه تنقيح المناط والسبر والتقسيم {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11796} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11797}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, illa means an illness, and also a cause; as a term of the jurists of legal theory it is an apparent and regular attribute that the Lawgiver attached to a ruling and set as a sign of it. It is distinct from the wisdom (hikma) of a ruling, which is the purpose it serves {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11793}. An illa differs from a sabab in that the ruling follows the illa without the illa itself having an effect in the ruling, and from a condition, whose suitability lies in something else, and from a preventer {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794}. The illa is a pillar of analogical reasoning, and analogy fails if the reason cannot find the illa of the original ruling {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794}. Its conditions are that it be an apparent, regular and extendable attribute that is not one of those the Lawgiver disregarded; where the real cause is hidden, the Lawgiver sets an apparent sign to stand for it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11796}. It is established by explicit text, by an indication or allusion, by consensus, and by deduction, including the purification of the ground of ruling, and the method of examining and dividing attributes {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11796} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11797}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عِلَّة»، ص 11793-11797 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch34"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عِلَّة complete on scan pp.11793-11797 (lexical sense, the definition in legal theory, distinctions from wisdom, cause, condition and preventer, conditions of the illa, proofs and deduction). The detailed usul argument is referred to the legal-theory appendix. Next headword عِلْم begins on scan p.11797 (bottom). Footnote citations omitted"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العلة في اللغة المرض، وتطلق على السبب. وفي اصطلاح الأصوليين وصف ظاهر منضبط أضافه الشارع إلى الحكم ونصبه علامة عليه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11793}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الفرق بينها وبين غيرها",
     "markdown": "العلة غير الحكمة، فالحكمة المصلحة المقصودة من تشريع الحكم، والعلة الوصف الظاهر المنضبط. وتفترق عن السبب، وعن الشرط، وعن المانع {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11793} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "شروطها",
     "markdown": "أن تكون وصفاً ظاهراً منضبطاً متعدياً غير مقصور على الأصل، وألا تكون من الأوصاف التي ألغاها الشارع {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "إثباتها",
     "markdown": "تثبت بالنص الصريح كلفظ التعليل، وبالإيماء والتنبيه على الأسباب، وبالإجماع، وبالاستنباط كتنقيح المناط والسبر والتقسيم {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11797}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواطن البحث",
     "markdown": "تفصيل شروط العلة وطرق استنباطها في الملحق الأصولي {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11797}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/illa",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, illa means an illness, and also a cause. In legal theory it is an apparent and regular attribute that the Lawgiver attached to a ruling and set as its sign {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11793}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Distinctions",
     "markdown": "The illa is not the wisdom (hikma) of a ruling, which is the purpose the ruling serves. It differs from a sabab (cause without its own effect), from a condition, and from a preventer {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11793} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Conditions",
     "markdown": "The illa must be an apparent, regular and extendable attribute, not confined to the original case, and not one that the Lawgiver disregarded {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "How it is established",
     "markdown": "It is established by explicit text such as a word of causation, by allusion and indication, by consensus, and by deduction, including the purification of the ground of ruling and the examination and division of attributes {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11797}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Where to look further",
     "markdown": "The full conditions and methods of deduction are treated in the legal-theory appendix {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11797}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/illa",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں علت بیماری کو بھی کہتے ہیں اور سبب کو بھی۔ اصولیین کے نزدیک یہ وہ ظاہر اور منضبط وصف ہے جسے شارع نے کسی حکم کے ساتھ جوڑ کر اس کی علامت مقرر کیا {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11793}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "شرائط",
     "markdown": "علت کا ظاہر، منضبط اور متعدی ہونا ضروری ہے، اور وہ ایسا وصف نہ ہو جسے شارع نے معتبر نہ مانا ہو {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11794} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11795}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/illa",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adl",
  "concept/adwa",
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd",
  "concept/ajal",
  "concept/ajir",
  "concept/ajnabi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}