{
 "id": "concept/imra",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "imra",
 "label": {
  "ar": "المرأة",
  "en": "Imra' (woman: her rights, duties and status in fiqh)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "المرأة هي الأنثى البالغة، وتختص بعض الأحكام بها كالإرث والشهادة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385} وللمرأة حق الرعاية والتعليم، وإذا رشدت كانت لها ذمة مالية مستقلة، ولا تزوج إلا برضاها، ويجب عليها التستر وعدم الاختلاط. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386} وهي مكلفة بالتكاليف الشرعية مع اختلاف في بعض هيئات العبادة، ولها الحيض والحمل والولادة، وهي لا تتولى الإمارة والقضاء في الجملة، ولا يجب عليها الجهاد، وشهادتها على النصف من شهادة الرجل. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386} والرجل قوّام عليها، ونفقتها على زوجها. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}",
  "en": "Imra' is the adult female, and some rulings apply to her specifically, such as shares of inheritance and testimony. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385} A woman has a right to care and education; once she has judgement she has an independent financial standing, is not married without her consent, and must cover herself and avoid mixing with men. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386} She is bound by the Law, with some differences in forms of worship; she has menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth; in general she does not hold the rule of amirate or judgeship, is not bound to jihad, and her testimony is half a man's. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386} The man is in charge of her, and her maintenance is due from her husband. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "women"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "ethical",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «امرأة», pp.3385-3386 of the scan (ends where «الأمر بالمعروف» begins on p.3386). Footnote citations omitted; the entry refers the detailed rules to the entry on femininity (أنوثة).",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "المرء الإنسان، والأنثى منه مرأة بإضافة تاء التأنيث، وقد تلحق بها همزة الوصل فتصبح امرأة، وهي اسم للبالغة، وقد تصدق في بعض الأبواب كالمواريث على الصغيرة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحكم الإجمالي",
     "markdown": "- للمرأة حق الرعاية في طفولتها من تربية وتعليم، ويجب على من له بنت أن يحسن تأديبها وتعليمها. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}\n- إذا رشدت كانت لها ذمة مالية مستقلة، وحرية التعبير عن إرادتها، فلا تزوج بدون إذنها. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}\n- المرأة مطالبة بمظاهر أنوثتها وبالتستر وعدم الخلوة بالأجانب، ولذلك تتأخر في الصلاة عن صفوف الرجال، ويحرم عليها التشبه بالرجال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}\n- المرأة مطالبة بالتكاليف الشرعية مع اختلاف في بعض هيئات العبادة، وخصها الله بالحيض والحمل والولادة، فخفف عنها في العبادات بسبب ذلك. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}\n- لضعف الخلقة لا تتولى المرأة الإمارة والقضاء في الجملة، ولم يفرض عليها الجهاد، وشهادتها على النصف من شهادة الرجل. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}\n- الحضانة للمرأة أقدم من الرجل لرقتها وحنانها، وعمل المرأة الأصلي رعاية بيتها وزوجها وأولادها، ونفقتها على زوجها ولو كانت غنية، والرجل قوام عليها. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/imra",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Mar' is a person; its feminine is mar'a, which with the hamza of joining becomes imra'a, the name for an adult woman. In some chapters, such as inheritance, it can apply to a girl. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Ruling",
     "markdown": "- A woman has a right to care in childhood, to upbringing and education, and a father must train his daughter well. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}\n- Once she has judgement she has an independent financial standing and may express her own will, so she is not married without her consent. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}\n- A woman must keep her femininity, cover herself, and avoid being alone with strangers, so she stands behind the men's rows in prayer; she may not imitate men. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}\n- She is bound by the religious duties, with some differences in forms of worship; because God gave her menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth, she is eased in some acts of worship for them. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}\n- Because of the frailty of her make-up, she in general does not hold the offices of amirate or judgeship, and jihad is not required of her; her testimony is half a man's. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}\n- Custody of children goes first to the mother for her tenderness; her principal work is her home, husband and children, and her maintenance is due from her husband even if she is rich; the man is in charge of her. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/imra",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "امرأۃ بالغ عورت کو کہتے ہیں؛ بعض ابواب، جیسے میراث میں، لڑکی پر بھی بولا جاتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3385}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکم",
     "markdown": "- عورت کا نفقہ شوہر پر ہے، اور شوہر اس کا قوام ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}\n- عورت کی شہادت مرد کی شہادت کے نصف کے برابر ہے، اور وہ امارت اور قضا کی ذمہ دار نہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}\n- بچوں کی پرورش میں ماں کا حق مقدم ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3386}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/imra",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/adl-nikah",
  "concept/afal",
  "concept/al-mara-wal-ittifaqiyat-al-dawliyya",
  "concept/al-sharikat-al-ailiyya",
  "concept/anus-spinster",
  "concept/dhukura-fiqh",
  "concept/faqr-al-rumuz-al-nisaiyya",
  "concept/ikhtidab"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}