{
 "id": "concept/inikas",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "inikas",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الانعكاس",
  "en": "Inikas (reverse concomitance and the reverse analogy in usul)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الانعكاس لغة مصدر انعكس، والعكس رد أول الشيء على آخره. وقياس العكس عند الأصوليين إثبات عكس حكم شيء لمثله لتعاكسهما في العلة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512} والانعكاس عندهم انتفاء الحكم بانتفاء العلة، كانتفاء حرمة الخمر بزوال إسكارها. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512} وذهب جمهور الأصوليين إلى أن الانعكاس مع الاطراد مسلك من مسالك العلة، ولم يعتبره الحنفية وكثير من الأشعرية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}",
  "en": "Inikas is lexically the reflexive of ‘aks, which is turning the beginning of a thing back on its end. Among the usulis, the reverse analogy (qiyas al-‘aks) is the establishment of the reverse of a ruling for a like thing because the two are reversed in their cause. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512} For them inikas is the absence of a ruling through the absence of its cause, as the prohibition of wine ends with the end of its intoxication. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512} Most usulis hold that inikas together with ittirad is a way of knowing the cause; the Hanafis and many Ash'aris, including al-Ghazali and al-Amidi, do not count it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "scripture-and-its-sciences"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "term",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «انعكاس», p.3512 of the scan (ends where «أنف» begins on p.3513). Technical term in usul al-fiqh; summarised at the level of definition and the disputed status as a way of knowing the cause.",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "الانعكاس لغة مصدر انعكس، والعكس رد أول الشيء على آخره. وقياس العكس عند الأصوليين: إثبات عكس حكم شيء لمثله لتعاكسهما في العلة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عند الأصوليين",
     "markdown": "الانعكاس انتفاء الحكم بانتفاء العلة، كانتفاء حرمة الخمر بزوال إسكارها. وضده الاطراد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حجيته مسلكا للعلة",
     "markdown": "- ذهب جمهور الأصوليين إلى أن الانعكاس مع الاطراد مسلك من مسالك العلة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}\n- لم يعتبره الحنفية وكثير من الأشعرية كالغزالي والآمدي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}\n- وذهب بعضهم إلى أن الانعكاس من شروط العلة، ولم يشترطه آخرون. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/inikas",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Inikas is lexically the reflexive of 'aks, which is turning the beginning of a thing back on its end. Among the usulis the reverse analogy (qiyas al-'aks) is the establishment of the reverse of a ruling for a like thing, because the two are reversed in their cause. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Among the usulis",
     "markdown": "Inikas is the absence of a ruling through the absence of its cause, as the prohibition of wine ends with the end of its intoxication. Its opposite is ittirad. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Status as a way of knowing the cause",
     "markdown": "- Most usulis hold that inikas together with ittirad is a way of knowing the cause. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}\n- The Hanafis and many Ash'aris, including al-Ghazali and al-Amidi, do not count it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}\n- Some hold that inikas is a condition of the cause, and others do not require it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/inikas",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "انعکاس لغت میں عکس کا مصدر ہے، یعنی کسی چیز کے اول کو آخر کی طرف لوٹانا۔ اصول میں قیاسِ عکس یہ ہے کہ ایک چیز کا الٹا حکم اس جیسی چیز کے لیے ثابت کیا جائے، کیونکہ علت میں دونوں الٹ ہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکم",
     "markdown": "- جمہور اصولیین کے نزدیک انعکاس اور اطراد کے ساتھ مل کر علت پہچاننے کا ایک راستہ ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}\n- حنفیہ اور بہت سے اشاعرہ اسے معتبر نہیں مانتے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3512}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/inikas",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
  "concept/al-hadith-al-nabawi",
  "concept/al-shamail-al-muhammadiyya",
  "concept/al-sira-al-nabawiyya",
  "concept/al-sunna-al-nabawiyya",
  "concept/amr-nahy",
  "concept/bayan-al-sunna-lil-quran",
  "concept/bida"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}