{
 "id": "concept/ishra",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ishra",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العِشْرة",
  "en": "Marital companionship and the rights of spouses (ishra)",
  "ur": "عشرت (ازدواجی رفاقت)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العشرة في اللغة الاجتماع والمخالطة، والعشير القريب والصديق، وعشير المرأة زوجها، وفي الاصطلاح ما يكون بين الزوجين من الألفة والانضمام {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11626}. ويرى الحنفية والحنابلة أن معاشرة الزوجين بالمعروف مندوبة، وذهب المالكية إلى وجوبها ديانة لا قضاء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627}. ومعنى المعاشرة بالمعروف أداء الحقوق كاملة مع حسن الخلق {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11628}. ومن حقوق الزوج على زوجته تسليم نفسها، والطاعة في غير معصية، والاستمتاع، وأن تتزين وتتنظف بما يمكنه من الاستمتاع، وألا تأذن في بيته لمن يكره، وألا تخرج إلا بإذنه، وذهب الجمهور إلى أنها لا تجب عليها الخدمة، وذهب الحنفية إلى وجوبها ديانة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11629} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11630} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11631} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11632} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633}. ومن حقوق الزوجة المهر والنفقة وإعفافها بالوطء، وأن يبيت عندها أو يقسم بينها إن كان متزوجاً بأكثر من واحدة، واختلف الفقهاء في وجوب بعض هذه الحقوق {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11634} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11635} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636}. والمشترك بين الزوجين المعاشرة بالمعروف والاستمتاع والإرث {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11637}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, ishra is companionship and mingling; ashir is a near kinsman or friend, and a wife's ashir is her husband. As a term it is the affection and union between spouses {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11626}. The Hanafis and Hanbalis hold that spouses' good companionship is recommended, while the Malikis hold it obligatory in conscience but not enforceable in court {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627}. Good companionship means fulfilling each one's rights in full with good conduct {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11628}. The husband's rights include the wife's surrender of herself for intercourse, her obedience in what is not sinful, the enjoyment of her, her cleanliness and grooming, her not admitting unwanted guests or leaving the house without his leave; the majority hold that service is not obligatory on her, while the Hanafis hold it obligatory in conscience {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11629} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11630} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11631} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11632} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633}. The wife's rights include the dower, maintenance, the husband's intercourse with her, and night-sharing or equal division where he has more than one wife, on which the jurists differ in detail {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11634} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11635} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636}. Companionship, enjoyment and inheritance are shared rights {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11637}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "family-marriage-kinship",
  "women"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عِشْرة»، ص 11626-11637 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch14"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عِشْرة complete on scan pp.11626-11637 (definition, good companionship, the husband's rights, the wife's rights, shared rights). The cross-reference to عاقلة (عشيرة) is skipped. Next headword عِصَابَة begins on scan p.11637. Footnote citations omitted; Qur'anic and prophetic passages are referred to, not typed"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العشرة في اللغة الاجتماع والمخالطة، وعشير المرأة زوجها. وفي الاصطلاح ما يكون بين الزوجين من الألفة والانضمام {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11626}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "حكم المعاشرة بالمعروف",
     "markdown": "يرى الحنفية والحنابلة أن المعاشرة بالمعروف بين الزوجين مندوبة، وذهب المالكية إلى وجوبها ديانة لا قضاء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627}. ومعناها أداء الحقوق كاملة مع حسن الخلق {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11628}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "حقوق الزوج",
     "markdown": "من حقه تسليم المرأة نفسها للاستمتاع، والطاعة في غير معصية، وأن تمنع ما يمنع الاستمتاع أو كماله، وألا تأذن في بيته لمن يكره، وألا تخرج إلا بإذنه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11629} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11631} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633}. وذهب الجمهور إلى أن الخدمة لا تجب عليها، وذهب الحنفية إلى وجوبها ديانة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11634}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "حقوق الزوجة",
     "markdown": "من حقها المهر والنفقة، وإعفافها بالوطء، ومنعها من العزل إلا بإذنها عند جمهور الفقهاء، وبياته عندها أو القسم بين الزوجات إن كان متزوجاً بأكثر من واحدة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11634} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11635} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحقوق المشتركة",
     "markdown": "المعاشرة بالمعروف والاستمتاع والإرث {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11637}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواطن البحث",
     "markdown": "تفصيل المهر في «مهر»، والنفقة في «نفقة»، والقسم في «قسم بين الزوجات» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ishra",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, ishra is companionship and mingling; a wife's ashir is her husband. As a term it is the affection and union between spouses {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11626}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The ruling on good companionship",
     "markdown": "The Hanafis and Hanbalis hold that good companionship between spouses is recommended; the Malikis hold it obligatory in conscience but not enforceable in court {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627}. It means fulfilling each one's rights in full with good conduct {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11627} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11628}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The husband's rights",
     "markdown": "These include the wife's surrender of herself for intercourse, her obedience in what is not sinful, her not preventing what hinders his enjoyment of her, her not admitting unwanted guests or leaving the house without his leave {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11629} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11631} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633}. The majority hold that service is not obligatory on her; the Hanafis hold it obligatory in conscience {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11633} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11634}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The wife's rights",
     "markdown": "These include the dower, maintenance, the husband's intercourse with her, and on the majority view his not withdrawing from her without her consent; and, where he has more than one wife, night-sharing or equal division {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11634} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11635} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Shared rights",
     "markdown": "Good companionship, enjoyment and inheritance {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11637}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Where to look further",
     "markdown": "The dower is treated under «mahr», maintenance under «nafaqa», and division among wives under «qasm» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11636}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ishra",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں عشرت رفاقت اور میل جول کو کہتے ہیں۔ اصطلاح میں یہ میاں بیوی کے درمیان الفت اور جڑاؤ ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11626}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حقوق",
     "markdown": "شوہر کا حق ہے کہ بیوی اپنے آپ کو استمتاع کے لیے سپرد کرے، اور نافرمانی کے سوا اس کی اطاعت کرے، جبکہ بیوی کا حق مہر، نفقہ اور شوہر کا اس کے ساتھ ازدواجی تعلق قائم رکھنا ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11629} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11634}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ishra",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/adl-nikah",
  "concept/afal",
  "concept/anus-spinster",
  "concept/dhukura-fiqh",
  "concept/jahili-marriage-forms",
  "concept/social-condition-jahiliyya",
  "concept/wad",
  "event/custody-of-hamzas-daughter"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}