{
 "id": "concept/istirda-al-badiya",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "istirda-al-badiya",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الاسترضاع في البادية",
  "en": "Sending infants to Bedouin wet-nurses"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عادة أهل الحاضرة من العرب أن يلتمسوا لأولادهم المراضع في البادية، ابتعاداً بهم عن أمراض الحواضر ولتقوى أجسامهم وتشتدّ أعصابهم ويتقنوا اللسان العربي في مهدهم؛ وبها استُرضع النبي في بني سعد بن بكر عند حليمة.",
  "en": "The custom of the settled Arabs of seeking wet-nurses in the desert for their children, to keep them from the diseases of the towns, strengthen their bodies and nerves, and let them master pure Arabic from the cradle; by it the Prophet was nursed among Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr by Halima."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "family-marriage-kinship",
  "tradition-versus-culture"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "social",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص54–58 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/159–169 وتلقيح فهوم أهل الأثر ص4–7 وزاد المعاد 1/18–19 وصحيح مسلم 1/92 ومختصر سيرة الرسول للنجدي ص12–16",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-6a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 55–56"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كان من عادة الحاضرين من العرب أن يلتمسوا المراضع لأولادهم في البادية، ابتعاداً بهم عن أمراض الحواضر، ولتقوى أجسامهم وتشتدّ أعصابهم، وليتقنوا اللسان العربي في مهدهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55}. وبهذه العادة التمس [[person/abd-al-muttalib|عبد المطلب]] الرضعاء لحفيده [[person/muhammad|محمد]] فاسترضع له [[person/halima-al-sadiyya|حليمة]] من [[group/banu-sad-ibn-bakr|بني سعد بن بكر]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/162}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "كيف كانت تجري",
     "markdown": "يفهم من حديث حليمة الذي يسوقه الكتاب عن ابن إسحاق أن نساء البادية كنّ يخرجن في موسم معلوم إلى مكة يلتمسن الرضعاء، وأن كل امرأة تختار رضيعاً وترجع به إلى منازل قومها، وأنهن كنّ يرجون المعروف من أبي الصبي، فيكرهن اليتيم لذلك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.56} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/162-164}. ويبقى الصبي في البادية سنتين حتى الفطام، وقد تطلب المرضعة بقاءه بعدها حتى يغلظ خوفاً عليه من وباء الحاضرة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.56}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "قرابة الرضاع",
     "markdown": "ينشأ عن الاسترضاع إخوة من الرضاعة يعدّهم أهل السير في أهل الرجل، كما عدّ الكتاب عبد الله وأنيسة والشيماء أولاد حليمة إخوة النبي، وعدّ [[person/hamza|حمزة]] رضيعه من وجهين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55} {cite:zad-al-maad 1/19}. وحكم هذه القرابة في الفقه مبحثه [[concept/rada|محرمية الرضاع]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما لم يُذكر هنا",
     "markdown": "لا يبحث الكتاب أصل هذه العادة ولا انتشارها خارج قريش ولا أجور المراضع؛ وهذه تحتاج إلى مصادر أخرى."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "كان أهل مكة قديماً يرسلون أطفالهم الرضّع إلى نساء البادية ليكبروا في الهواء النقي ويتعلموا العربية الفصيحة. هكذا ذهب النبي الصغير إلى حليمة في بادية بني سعد."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/istirda-al-badiya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "It was the custom of the Arabs of the towns to seek wet-nurses for their children among the desert people, to keep them away from the diseases of the towns, to strengthen their bodies and firm their nerves, and to master the Arabic tongue in their cradle. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55} In keeping with this custom, [[person/abd-al-muttalib|Abd al-Muttalib]] sought wet-nurses for his grandson [[person/muhammad|Muhammad]], and [[person/halima-al-sadiyya|Halima]] of [[group/banu-sad-ibn-bakr|the Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr]] was chosen to nurse him. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/162}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "How it worked",
     "markdown": "From Halima's account, which the book transmits from Ibn Ishaq, it is understood that the women of the desert went out at a known season to Mecca to look for nursing children. Each woman chose an infant and returned with him to the dwellings of her people. They hoped for a reward from the child's father, and so they disliked the orphan. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.56} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/162-164} The child remained in the desert for two years until weaning, and the nurse might ask to keep him longer, until he grew sturdy, out of fear for him of the plagues of the town. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.56}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Fosterage kinship",
     "markdown": "Fostering creates milk-siblings whom the scholars of biography count among a man's kin. As the book counts Abd Allah, Unaysa, and al-Shayma', the children of Halima, as brothers of the Prophet, and counts [[person/hamza|Hamza]] as his foster-brother in two respects. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55} {cite:zad-al-maad 1/19} The ruling of this kinship in jurisprudence is treated under [[concept/rada|foster-kinship]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is not recorded here",
     "markdown": "The book does not examine the origin of this custom, its spread beyond Quraysh, or the wages of the nurses. These need other sources."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "In the past, the people of Mecca used to send their infants to the women of the desert, so that they would grow up in fresh air and learn eloquent Arabic. In this way the young Prophet went to Halima in the desert of the Banu Sa'd."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/istirda-al-badiya",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "practiced_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "concept/rada",
   "type": "related_to",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "الاسترضاع يُنشئ قرابة الرضاع التي يبحثها الفقه في محرمية الرضاع.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/hums",
  "concept/ibadat-al-asnam-jahiliyya",
  "event/partition-of-meccan-offices",
  "group/banu-hashim",
  "object/al-uzza",
  "person/abd-al-muttalib",
  "person/abd-manaf-ibn-qusayy",
  "person/abu-lahab"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}