{
 "id": "concept/niyya",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "niyya",
 "label": {
  "ar": "النية في الأعمال",
  "en": "Niyya (intention in deeds)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "القصد والإرادة التي يقع عنها العمل؛ يذكر ابن رجب أن للنية في كلام العلماء معنيين: أحدهما تمييز العبادات بعضها عن بعض وعن العادات، وهو المعنى الغالب في كتب الفقهاء، والثاني تمييز المقصود بالعمل — لله وحده أم لغيره — وهو المعنى الغالب في كلام السلف، وهو قرين الإخلاص؛ وفي حديث «إنما الأعمال بالنيات» رآه الشافعي ثلث العلم يدخل في سبعين باباً من الفقه، وافتتح به البخاري صحيحه.",
  "en": "The purpose and will behind an act; Ibn Rajab notes that intention has two senses in scholars' usage: distinguishing acts of worship from one another and from habits — the sense dominant in the jurists' books — and distinguishing the aim intended by the act, whether for God alone or for other than Him — the sense dominant among the early generations and companion to sincerity; al-Shafi'i is reported to have called the hadith 'actions are but by intentions' a third of knowledge entering seventy chapters of jurisprudence, and al-Bukhari opened his Sahih with it."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "creed",
  "spirituality-and-sufism",
  "worship-and-the-pillars"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "doctrine",
  "issue": {
   "ar": "هل «الأعمال» في حديث النيات كل الأعمال الاختيارية أم الأعمال الشرعية المفتقرة إلى النية، وهل النية شرط صحة أم شرط كمال؟",
   "en": "Do 'actions' in the hadith of intentions mean all voluntary acts or only religious acts requiring intention, and is intention a condition of validity or of completeness?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "later-scholars-restrict",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "المراد بالأعمال الأعمال الشرعية المفتقرة إلى النية، وتقدير الحديث: الأعمال صحيحة أو معتبرة أو مقبولة بالنيات",
     "en": "'Actions' means religious acts that require intention; the hadith is understood as: actions are valid, regarded or accepted through intentions"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "ينقل ابن رجب أن كثيراً من المتأخرين يقدّرون الحديث على أن الأعمال صحيحة أو معتبرة أو مقبولة بالنيات، فيُخصّ من عموم الأعمال ما لا يفتقر إلى نية كالعادات من الأكل والشرب واللبس ورد الأمانات والودائع.",
     "en": "Ibn Rajab reports that many later scholars construe the hadith as: actions are valid, regarded or accepted through intentions, so that what needs no intention — habits such as eating, drinking and dress, or returning trusts and deposits — is excluded from its general wording."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/ibn-rajab"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 34–35، شرح الحديث الأول",
       "en": "pp. 34–35, commentary on hadith 1"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni",
    "id": "early-scholars-general",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "الأعمال على عمومها لا يُخصّ منها شيء، والحديث إخبار عن أن الأعمال الاختيارية لا تقع إلا عن قصد، وأن حظ العامل من عمله نيته",
     "en": "'Actions' retains its general sense with nothing excluded: the hadith states that voluntary acts do not occur without purpose, and that the doer's share of his deed is his intention"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يذكر ابن رجب أن آخرين أبقوا الأعمال على عمومها وحكى بعضهم ذلك عن الجمهور، ووقع في كلام ابن جرير الطبري وأبي طالب المكي وغيرهما من المتقدمين وهو ظاهر كلام الإمام أحمد؛ ويقدَّر حينئذ: الأعمال واقعة أو حاصلة بالنيات، ويأتي قوله «وإنما لكل امرئ ما نوى» إخباراً عن حكم الشرع أن ثواب العامل أو عقابه بحسب نيته.",
     "en": "Ibn Rajab notes that others kept 'actions' general and that some attributed this to the majority; it occurs in the words of Ibn Jarir al-Tabari and Abu Talib al-Makki and other early scholars, and is the apparent position of Imam Ahmad. The construal is then: actions occur and come about through intentions, and 'each person has only what he intended' states the law's ruling that the doer's reward or punishment follows his intention."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/ibn-rajab",
     "person/ahmad-ibn-hanbal"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 34–36، شرح الحديث الأول",
       "en": "pp. 34–36, commentary on hadith 1"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "جامع العلوم والحكم، شرح الحديث الأول ص 29–69 (ط دار ابن كثير 1429هـ/2008م)",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-jami-ulum-hikam-batch-2"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); senses of niyya from pp. 36–37, dispute over 'actions' from pp. 34–36"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "passage/arbaun-01",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/arbaun-25",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "concept/sadaqa",
   "type": "basis_for",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/sadaqa",
  "passage/arbaun-25",
  "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari",
  "passage/arbaun-26",
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "concept/ihsan",
  "concept/islam-din",
  "concept/istiqama"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}