{
 "id": "concept/prohibition-killing-women-children",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "prohibition-killing-women-children",
 "label": {
  "ar": "حظر قتل النساء والولدان والعسفاء",
  "en": "Prohibition of killing women, children and non-combatant labourers in war"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أصل تشريعي في أخلاقيات وقوانين الحرب الإسلامية أعلنه النبي يوم حنين حين رأى امرأة مقتولة فقال «ما كانت هذه لتقاتل»، وأرسل إلى خالد بن الوليد ينهاه عن قتل الوليد أو المرأة أو العسيف (الأجير).",
  "en": "A foundational rule of Islamic laws of war proclaimed by the Prophet at the Battle of Hunayn upon seeing a slain woman: 'She was not one to fight', ordering Khalid ibn al-Walid never to kill children, women, or hired labourers."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "laws-of-war-and-peace",
  "humanitarian-principles"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 95–96",
   "generated_by": "Devin",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-2a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 95–96"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "قاعدة تشريعية وأخلاقية أساسية في قوانين الحرب الإسلامية تقضي بحرمة استهداف النساء والصبيان والعمال غير المقاتلين؛ أكدها النبي في [[event/battle-of-hunayn|غزوة حنين]] حين رأى امرأة مقتولة فنكر ذلك بشدة {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/95-96}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الواقعة وسياقها",
     "markdown": "روى ابن إسحاق أن النبي مرّ في أثناء حنين بامرأة مقتولة قد اجتمع الناس عليها، فقال: «ما كانت هذه لتقاتل!»، ثم التفت إلى أحد أصحابه وقال: «الحق بخالد بن الوليد فقل له: إن رسول الله ينهاك أن تقتل وليدًا أو امرأة أو عسيفًا» {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/95-96}. والعسيف هو الأجير والخادم الذي لا يحمل سلاحًا."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القيمة التشريعية",
     "markdown": "شكل هذا التوجيه حجر زاوية في الفقه العسكري الإسلامي في التمييز الصارم بين المقاتل في الميدان وبين المدنيين العزل من نساء وأطفال وأجراء غير محاربين {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/96}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "رأى النبي امرأة قتلت في المعركة فحزن وغضب، وأرسل فورًا إلى قادة جيشه يأمرهم ألا يمسوا طفلًا أو امرأة أو عاملًا بسوء، لأن الحرب تكون ضد المحاربين فقط."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/prohibition-killing-women-children",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "A foundational legislative and ethical rule in Islam's laws of war forbidding the targeting of women, children and non-combatant workers; the Prophet confirmed it at the [[event/battle-of-hunayn|Hunayn expedition]] when he saw a slain woman and denounced it severely {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/95-96}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The incident and its context",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq related that the Prophet passed, during Hunayn, by a slain woman around whom people had gathered and said: \"This one was not going to fight!\" Then he turned to one of his companions and said: \"Catch up with Khalid ibn al-Walid and tell him: the Messenger of God forbids you to kill a child, a woman, or a hired servant\" {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/95-96}. The 'asif is the hireling and servant who bears no arms."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its legislative value",
     "markdown": "This directive became a cornerstone of Islamic military jurisprudence: the strict distinction between the fighter on the field and unarmed civilians — women, children and non-combatant hirelings {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/96}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Prophet saw a woman killed in battle, grieved and grew angry, and sent at once to his army commanders ordering them not to harm a child, woman or worker — for war is only against combatants."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/prohibition-killing-women-children",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-hunayn",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/ariya-madmuna",
  "event/distribution-of-hunayn-spoils",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/expedition-to-awtas",
  "event/hawazin-delegation-and-amnesty",
  "event/incident-of-dhat-anwat",
  "event/prophets-speech-to-the-ansar",
  "event/siege-of-taif"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}