{
 "id": "concept/riwayat-al-imam",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "riwayat-al-imam",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الروايات عن الإمام أحمد",
  "en": "The reports from Imam Ahmad"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ما نُقل عن الإمام أحمد من أقوال في المسألة الواحدة، وطريقة الأصحاب في الجمع بينها وترجيح إحداها، وهي أساس المذهب في الفقه.",
  "en": "The statements transmitted from Imam Ahmad on a single question, and how his companions reconciled them and preferred one over another; they are the school's foundation in jurisprudence."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "term",
  "issue": {
   "ar": "إذا تعارضت أقوال الإمام في المسألة الواحدة، فأيّها يُنسب إليه مذهباً؟",
   "en": "When the Imam's statements on a single question conflict, which of them is attributed to him as the school's position?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanbali",
    "id": "later-report",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "إذا تعذّر الجمع بين القولين وعُلم التاريخ، فالقول المتأخر هو مذهبه"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "قال قوم إن القول الثاني هو مذهبه إذا عُلم أنه متأخر."
    },
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 126"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanbali",
    "id": "both-reports",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "القولان معاً مذهبه"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "قال آخرون إن القولين معاً مذهبه."
    },
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 126"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanbali",
    "id": "earlier-even-if-retracted",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "القول الأول مذهبه ولو رجع عنه"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "قالت طائفة إن القول الأول هو مذهبه ولو رجع عنه، وصحّحه علاء الدين المرداوي في «تصحيح الفروع»."
    },
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 126"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "المدخل إلى مذهب الإمام أحمد بن حنبل لابن بدران، تحقيق عبد الله التركي، مؤسسة الرسالة 1981 (الطبعة الثانية)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claims table and entity data); qwen3:32b via Ollama (Arabic prose draft, reviewed by hand)",
   "run": "madkhal-batch-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/madkhal-ibn-badran-turki"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; from pp. 126-127 of the book; the academic view is still to be added"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يُؤخذ مذهب الإمام أحمد من أقواله وأفعاله وأجوبته، فإذا وُجد له قولان في مسألة حاول أصحابه أولاً الجمع بينهما بطرق الأصول مثل حمل العام على الخاص أو المطلق على المقيد {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.126}. وإذا تعذر الجمع وعُلم التاريخ، اختلف أصحابه: فقيل القول الثاني مذهبه، وقيل القولان معاً، وقيل القول الأول ولو رجع عنه {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.126}. وإذا جُهل التاريخ، فمذهبه أقرب الأقوال من الأدلة أو من قواعد مذهبه {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.127}. وقد صحح القول الأول علاء الدين المرداوي في «تصحيح الفروع» {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.126}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأقوال",
     "markdown": "قال بعض أصحاب الإمام أحمد: القول الثاني مذهب الإمام أحمد {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.126}.\nقال آخرون: القولان معاً مذهب الإمام أحمد {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.126}.\nقالت طائفة: القول الأول مذهب الإمام أحمد، حتى لو رجع عنه {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p.126}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/riwayat-al-imam",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Imam Ahmad's madhhab is taken from his sayings, deeds and answers; when two sayings of his exist on a question, his companions first try to reconcile them by the ways of usul — carrying the general on the specific or the absolute on the qualified {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 126}. When reconciliation fails and the dates are known, his companions differ: it was said the second saying is his madhhab; it was said both together; and it was said the first, even if he recanted it {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 126}. If the dates are unknown, his madhhab is the saying nearest to the proofs or to his madhhab's principles {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 127}. Ala al-Din al-Mardawi approved the first position in Tas'hih al-Furu' {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 126}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The positions",
     "markdown": "Some of Imam Ahmad's companions said: the second saying is Imam Ahmad's madhhab {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 126}.\nOthers said: both sayings together are Imam Ahmad's madhhab {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 126}.\nA group said: the first saying is Imam Ahmad's madhhab, even if he recanted it {cite:madkhal-ibn-badran-turki p. 126}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/riwayat-al-imam",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/la-yanbaghi",
  "concept/taat-wulat-al-amr",
  "group/hanbali-madhhab",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
  "person/abu-bakr-al-khallal",
  "person/abu-bakr-ghulam-al-khallal",
  "person/abyani-abu-al-abbas",
  "person/al-abbi-muhammad"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}