{
 "id": "concept/ruyat-allah",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ruyat-allah",
 "label": {
  "ar": "رؤية الله في الآخرة",
  "en": "The vision of God in the hereafter"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "قول الطحاوي إن رؤية أهل الجنة لله حق بغير إحاطة ولا كيفية، مع التسليم بما جاء في الحديث الصحيح وترك التأويل بالرأي.",
  "en": "al-Tahawi's statement that the vision of God by the people of Paradise is true, without encompassing or how, accepting what is in the sound hadith and refraining from interpretation by opinion."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-fragmentation"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "creed"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "doctrine",
  "issue": {
   "ar": "هل يرى المؤمنون ربهم في الآخرة، وكيف؟",
   "en": "Will the believers see their Lord in the hereafter, and how?"
  },
  "perspectives": [
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanafi",
    "id": "aqida-tahawiyya",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "الرؤية حق لأهل الجنة بغير إحاطة ولا كيفية، مع ترك التأويل",
     "en": "The vision is true for the people of Paradise without encompassing or how, leaving aside interpretation"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يقول الطحاوي إن الرؤية حق لأهل الجنة بغير إحاطة ولا كيفية، وإن تفسيرها على ما أراده الله وعلمه، ولا يصح الإيمان بها عنده لمن اعتبرها بوهم أو تأوّلها بفهم."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/al-tahawi",
     "work/aqida-tahawiyya"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/aqida-tahawiyya",
      "note": {
       "ar": "البنود 40 إلى 45، ص 13 إلى 15",
       "en": "articles 40 to 45, pp. 13 to 15"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/aqida-tahawiyya"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanbali",
    "id": "lumat-al-itiqad",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "المؤمنون يرون ربهم بأبصارهم في الآخرة",
     "en": "The believers will see their Lord with their eyes in the hereafter"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يقول ابن قدامة: «والمؤمنون يرون ربهم في الآخرة بأبصارهم، ويزورونه، ويكلمهم ويكلمونه»، ويحتج بآية سورة القيامة وبآية المطففين عن حجب الكفار، وبحديث القمر، ويقول إن الحديث تشبيه للرؤية بالرؤية لا للمرئي بالمرئي.",
     "en": "Ibn Qudama says the believers will see their Lord in the hereafter with their eyes, visit Him, and He will speak to them and they to Him; he cites the verse of al-Qiyama, the verse of al-Mutaffifin about the unbelievers being veiled, and the hadith of the moon, which he says likens the seeing to seeing, not the seen to the seen."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/ibn-qudama-al-maqdisi",
     "work/lumat-al-itiqad"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/lumat-al-itiqad",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 23",
       "en": "p. 23"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/lumat-al-itiqad"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-hanbali",
    "id": "aqida-wasitiyya",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "المؤمنون يرون ربهم يوم القيامة عياناً بأبصارهم",
     "en": "The believers will see their Lord on the Day of Resurrection plainly with their eyes"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يقول ابن تيمية إن من الإيمان الإيمان بأن المؤمنين يرونه يوم القيامة عياناً بأبصارهم كما يرون الشمس صحواً وكما يرون القمر ليلة البدر، ثم يرونه بعد دخول الجنة كما يشاء الله.",
     "en": "Ibn Taymiyya says belief includes that the believers will see Him on the Day of Resurrection plainly with their eyes as they see the sun on a clear day and the moon on the night of the full moon, and then see Him after entering Paradise as God wills."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/ibn-taymiyya",
     "work/aqida-wasitiyya"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/aqida-wasitiyya",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 18",
       "en": "p. 18"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/aqida-wasitiyya"
    ]
   },
   {
    "tradition": "sunni-ashari",
    "id": "maqalat-ashari",
    "stance": {
     "ar": "الله يُرى بالأبصار يوم القيامة، يراه المؤمنون ولا يراه الكافرون",
     "en": "God is seen with the eyes on the Day of Resurrection; the believers see Him and the unbelievers do not"
    },
    "summary": {
     "ar": "يذكر الأشعري أنهم يقولون إن الله يُرى بالأبصار يوم القيامة كما يُرى القمر ليلة البدر، يراه المؤمنون ولا يراه الكافرون لأنهم عن ربهم محجوبون، وأن موسى سأل الرؤية في الدنيا فأُعلم أنه لا يراه فيها بل في الآخرة.",
     "en": "Al-Ash'ari reports they say God is seen with the eyes on the Day of Resurrection as the moon is seen on the night of the full moon, the believers see Him and the unbelievers do not because they are veiled from their Lord, and that Musa asked to see Him in this world and was told he would not see Him in it but in the hereafter."
    },
    "holders": [
     "person/al-ashari",
     "work/maqalat-islamiyyin"
    ],
    "evidence": [
     {
      "ref": "source/maqalat-islamiyyin",
      "note": {
       "ar": "ص 346 و347",
       "en": "pp. 346 and 347"
      }
     }
    ],
    "sources": [
     "source/maqalat-islamiyyin"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "العقيدة الطحاوية، طبعة دار ابن حزم 1995 (نص كامل؛ 134 بنداً، الصفحات 7-32)",
   "generated_by": "Claude (maintainer session)",
   "model": "claude-sonnet-5-5",
   "run": "tahawiyya-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/aqida-tahawiyya",
   "source/lumat-al-itiqad",
   "source/aqida-wasitiyya",
   "source/maqalat-islamiyyin"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; read from the full text of al-Tahawiyya (Dar Ibn Hazm 1995, pp. 13, 14, 15); Lum'at al-I'tiqad (Maktab Islami ed., pp. 23) added as a second opinion"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "«والرؤية حق لأهل الجنة، بغير إحاطة ولا كيفية»، ويستشهد بقوله تعالى في سورة القيامة {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.13} ([[passage/quran-75-22|القيامة 22]] و[[passage/quran-75-23|القيامة 23]])، ويقول إن تفسيرها «على ما أراده الله تعالى وعلمه» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.13}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المنهج",
     "markdown": "«وكل ما جاء في ذلك من الحديث الصحيح عن الرسول فهو كما قال، ومعناه على ما أراد، لا ندخل في ذلك متأولين بآرائنا ولا متوهمين بأهوائنا» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.13} {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.14}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "التسليم",
     "markdown": "يقول: «فإنه ما سلم في دينه إلا من سلَّم لله عز وجل ولرسوله، ورد علم ما اشتبه عليه إلى عالمه»، و«لا تثبت قدم الإسلام إلا على ظهر التسليم والاستسلام» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.14}. ومن رام علم ما حُظر عنه علمه لم يقنع بالتسليم فهمُه «حجبه مرامه عن خالص التوحيد» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.14}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "حكم التأويل",
     "markdown": "ولا يصح الإيمان بالرؤية عنده لمن اعتبرها بوهم أو تأوّلها بفهم، «إذ كان تأويل الرؤية، وتأويل كل معنى يضاف إلى الربوبية، بترك التأويل ولزوم التسليم، وعليه دين المسلمين» {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.14} {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p.15}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في لمعة الاعتقاد لابن قدامة المقدسي",
     "markdown": "يقول ابن قدامة: «والمؤمنون يرون ربهم في الآخرة بأبصارهم، ويزورونه، ويكلمهم ويكلمونه» {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p.23}، ويستدل بـ[[passage/quran-75-22|القيامة 22]] و[[passage/quran-75-23|القيامة 23]] وبـ[[passage/quran-83-15|المطففين 15]] في حجب الكفار، وبحديث «إنكم ترون ربكم كما ترون هذا القمر» ويقول: «وهذا تشبيه للرؤية بالرؤية، لا للمرئي بالمرئي» {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p.23}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في العقيدة الواسطية لابن تيمية",
     "markdown": "يقول ابن تيمية: «الإيمان بأن المؤمنين يرونه يوم القيامة عياناً بأبصارهم كما يرون الشمس صحواً ليس دونها سحاب، وكما يرون القمر ليلة البدر لا يضامون في رؤيته، يرونه سبحانه وهم في عرصات القيامة، ثم يرونه بعد دخول الجنة كما يشاء الله سبحانه وتعالى» {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p.18}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في «مقالات الإسلاميين» للأشعري",
     "markdown": "في «حكاية جملة قول أصحاب الحديث وأهل السنة» من «مقالات الإسلاميين» يعرض أبو الحسن الأشعري ما عليه أهل الحديث والسنة، ويختم بقوله: «وبكل ما ذكرنا من قولهم نقول، وإليه نذهب» {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p.350}. يذكر فيه أنهم «يقولون: إن الله سبحانه يرى بالأبصار يوم القيامة، كما يرى القمر ليلة البدر، يراه المؤمنون، ولا يراه الكافرون، لأنهم عن الله محجوبون» {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p.346}، وأن موسى سأل الله الرؤية في الدنيا فأعلمه الله أنه لا يراه في الدنيا بل يراه في الآخرة {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p.347}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما لم يُذكر هنا",
     "markdown": "يعرض هذا المدخل مواقف العقيدة الطحاوية ولمعة الاعتقاد لابن قدامة والعقيدة الواسطية لابن تيمية وما حكاه الأشعري في «مقالات الإسلاميين» عن أهل الحديث والسنة وقال إنه يذهب إليه، منسوباً كل منها إلى كتابه. ولم تُضف بعد أقوال الماتريدية وبقية المدارس السنية وغير السنية من كتبها، ويحتاج المدخل إلى مراجعة متخصص قبل ترقيته."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ruyat-allah",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "\"The vision is true for the people of Paradise — without encompassing and without modality\"; he cites His word in Surat al-Qiyama {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 13} ([[passage/quran-75-22|al-Qiyama 22]] and [[passage/quran-75-23|al-Qiyama 23]]), and says its interpretation is \"as God intended and knew it\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 13}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The method",
     "markdown": "\"All that has come on this of sound hadith from the Messenger is as he said, and its meaning as he intended; we do not enter into it interpreting with our opinions nor imagining with our desires\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 13} {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 14}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Submission",
     "markdown": "He says: \"None is safe in his religion except one who surrenders to God Almighty and to His messenger, and refers the knowledge of what is obscure to him to its knower\"; \"the foot of Islam stands only on the back of submission and surrender\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 14}. Whoever seeks the knowledge of what has been barred from his knowing and is not content with submission — \"his quest veils him from pure tawhid\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 14}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The ruling on interpretation",
     "markdown": "Belief in the vision is not valid, for him, for one who gauges it by imagination or interprets it by his own understanding, \"since the interpretation of the vision — and of every meaning attributed to the Lordship — is abandoning interpretation and cleaving to submission; upon it is the religion of the Muslims\" {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 14} {cite:aqida-tahawiyya p. 15}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's Lum'at al-I'tiqad",
     "markdown": "Ibn Qudama says: \"The believers will see their Lord in the hereafter with their eyes, will visit Him, and He speaks to them and they speak to Him\" {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p. 23}; he argues from [[passage/quran-75-22|al-Qiyama 22]] and [[passage/quran-75-23|al-Qiyama 23]], from [[passage/quran-83-15|al-Mutaffifin 15]] on the veiling of the unbelievers, and from the hadith \"You will see your Lord as you see this moon\", saying: \"this is a likeness of vision to vision, not of the seen to the seen\" {cite:lumat-al-itiqad p. 23}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In Ibn Taymiyya's al-'Aqida al-Wasitiyya",
     "markdown": "Ibn Taymiyya says: \"Belief that the believers will see Him on the Day of Resurrection, plainly, with their eyes — as they see the sun in clear sky without clouds, and as they see the moon on a full-moon night without crowding in viewing it — they will see Him while in the Resurrection's plains, then see Him after entering Paradise as God wills\" {cite:aqida-wasitiyya p. 18}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In al-Ash'ari's Maqalat al-Islamiyyin",
     "markdown": "In \"the account of the sum of the saying of the people of hadith and sunna\" in Maqalat al-Islamiyyin, Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari presents what the people of hadith and sunna hold, ending: \"And in all we have mentioned of their saying we speak, and to it we go\" {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p. 350}. He relates there that they \"say: God will be seen by eyes on the Day of Resurrection, as the moon is seen on a full-moon night — the believers see Him and the unbelievers do not, for they are veiled from God\" {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p. 346}; and that Moses asked God for the vision in this world, and God informed him he will not see Him in this world but will in the hereafter {cite:maqalat-islamiyyin p. 347}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "What is not covered here",
     "markdown": "This entry presents the positions of the 'Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Ibn Qudama's Lum'at al-I'tiqad, Ibn Taymiyya's al-Wasitiyya, and what al-Ash'ari related in Maqalat al-Islamiyyin of the people of hadith and sunna and declared his own — each attributed to its book. The sayings of the Maturidis and the remaining Sunni and non-Sunni schools from their own books have not yet been added; the entry needs specialist review before promotion."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ruyat-allah",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahl-al-qibla",
  "concept/akhira",
  "concept/ashara-mubashshara",
  "concept/ashrat-al-saa",
  "concept/bida",
  "concept/hubb-al-sahaba",
  "concept/hurmat-al-dam",
  "concept/ihsan"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}