{
 "id": "concept/shura-in-islam",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "shura-in-islam",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الشورى الإسلامية",
  "en": "Shura in Islam"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "تعرض الفصول المتعلقة بالخلافة الراشدة عند شكيب أرسلان الشورى أصلاً من أصول الحكم في الإسلام. يصف كيف ترك عمر بن الخطاب أمر الخلافة بعده إلى شورى ستة من الصحابة الذين توفي النبي وهو عنهم راض، وكيف أوصى بأن يصلي صهيب بالناس ثلاثة أيام، وأن من يتولى الأمر دون مشورة المسلمين يُقتل. ويرى أرسلان أن الشورى تقوم على إرادة الأمة، وأن الخليفة لا يملك السلطان إلا منها. يُعرض هذا الوصف كما ينقله المؤلف عن كتب السير، ويبقى تفسيره لأصل الشورى محل خلاف بين الفقهاء.",
  "en": "Arslan presents shura as a basic principle of Islamic government in his chapters on the rightly guided caliphs. He recounts how Umar left the choice of a successor to a council of six companions, and how he ordered that a successor be chosen by consultation and that anyone seized power without consultation be killed. Arslan reads shura as resting on the community's will. Jurists have debated how binding it is, so this is the author's reading of the classical reports."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "political",
  "sources": [
   "source/stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "extraction_flow": "Apple Vision OCR (text layer) -> manual reading of scan pages 257-275 -> summary in own words, labelled as the commentator's view"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في فصول الخلافة الراشدة يعرض شكيب أرسلان الشورى أصلاً من أصول الحكم في الإسلام. وهذا وصفه كما ينقله عن كتب السير، وتفسيره لأصل الشورى محل خلاف بين الفقهاء. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "شورى عمر",
     "markdown": "يصف كيف ترك عمر بن الخطاب أمر الخلافة بعده إلى شورى ستة من الصحابة الذين توفي النبي وهو عنهم راض. وأوصى بأن يصلي صهيب بالناس ثلاثة أيام، وبأن من يتولى الأمر دون مشورة المسلمين يقتل. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "رأي أرسلان",
     "markdown": "يرى أن الشورى تقوم على إرادة الأمة، وأن الخليفة لا يملك السلطان إلا منها. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}\n\nيحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي: رواية مجلس عمر مأخوذة عن كتب السير كما يوردها أرسلان، ورأي الفقهاء في إلزام الشورى يحتاج إلى مصدر فقهي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/shura-in-islam",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "In the chapters on the Rightly Guided Caliphate, Shakib Arslan presents consultation (*shura*) as one of the foundations of government in Islam. This is his description as he transmits it from the books of biography, and his explanation of the basis of consultation is a matter of dispute among the jurists. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The consultation of Umar",
     "markdown": "He describes how Umar ibn al-Khattab left the matter of the caliphate after him to the consultation of six Companions, with whom the Prophet had been pleased when he died. He recommended that Suhayb lead the people in prayer for three days, and that whoever takes up the matter without the consultation of the Muslims be put to death. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Arslan's view",
     "markdown": "He holds that consultation rests on the will of the community, and that the caliph holds authority only from it. {cite:stoddard-arslan-hadir-1923}\n\nA further source is needed: the account of Umar's council is taken from the books of biography as Arslan gives it, and the jurists' view on the binding force of consultation needs a jurisprudential source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/shura-in-islam",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}