{
 "id": "concept/umum",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "umum",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العُمُوم",
  "en": "Generality (umum) in the sources of law and what it covers",
  "ur": "عموم"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العموم لغة مصدر من عم يعم، ومعناه الشمول والتناول {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875}. وعرّفه بعض الأصوليين بأنه إحاطة الأفراد دفعة، وعرفه المازري بأنه القول المشتمل على شيئين فصاعداً {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875}. والعام لفظ يتناول أفراداً متفقة الحدود على سبيل الشمول، والخصوص ضد العموم، والمشترك لفظ له معنيان أو أكثر على سبيل البدل {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}. وذهب جمهور الأصوليين إلى أن اللفظ العام يوجب الحكم فيما يتناوله ما لم يقم دليل على خلافه، واختلفوا في أحكام التخصيص وغيرها في الملحق الأصولي {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, 'umum is the act of covering and including, from 'amma, to cover. Some usulis define it as the inclusion of individuals at once; al-Mazari defines a general statement as one that includes two things or more {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875}. The general term (amm) is a word that applies to individuals of agreed limits in full, the particular (khusus) is its opposite, and the shared term (mushtarak) has two or more meanings used alternately {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}. The majority of usulis hold that a general text establishes its ruling over everything it covers unless a proof says otherwise; the rules of exception and its disputes are treated in the legal-theory appendix {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عموم، ص 11875-11876»",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch47"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword complete on scan pp.11875-11876 (usul and fiqh). Footnote citations omitted; the usul disputes are summarised; the full treatment is in the legal-theory appendix"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العموم لغة مصدر من عم يعم، ومعناه الشمول والتناول {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875}. وعرّفه بعض الأصوليين بأنه إحاطة الأفراد دفعة، وعرفه المازري بأنه القول المشتمل على شيئين فصاعداً {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875}. والعام لفظ يتناول أفراداً متفقة الحدود على سبيل الشمول، والخصوص ضد العموم، والمشترك لفظ له معنيان أو أكثر على سبيل البدل {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}. وذهب جمهور الأصوليين إلى أن اللفظ العام يوجب الحكم فيما يتناوله ما لم يقم دليل على خلافه، واختلفوا في أحكام التخصيص وغيرها في الملحق الأصولي {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/umum",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, 'umum is the act of covering and including, from 'amma, to cover. Some usulis define it as the inclusion of individuals at once; al-Mazari defines a general statement as one that includes two things or more {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875}. The general term (amm) is a word that applies to individuals of agreed limits in full, the particular (khusus) is its opposite, and the shared term (mushtarak) has two or more meanings used alternately {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}. The majority of usulis hold that a general text establishes its ruling over everything it covers unless a proof says otherwise; the rules of exception and its disputes are treated in the legal-theory appendix {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/umum",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں عموم شامل ہونے کو کہتے ہیں {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11875}۔ جمہور اصولیین کے نزدیک عام لفظ اپنے تمام افراد پر حکم واجب کرتا ہے جب تک دلیل خلاف نہ ہو {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11876}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/umum",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adl",
  "concept/adwa",
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd",
  "concept/ajal",
  "concept/ajir",
  "concept/ajnabi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}