{
 "id": "concept/zajr-iyafa",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "zajr-iyafa",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الزجر والعيافة",
  "en": "Zajr and iyafa (augury)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "زجر الطير والتطير والتفاؤل وما يتصل بالسانح والبارح، من خواص العرب عند المسعودي كالقيافة، وهي لبني أسد والقيافة لبني مدلج والكهانة لليمن، ونقلها عن العرب أمم مجاورة كالإفرنجة، وأهل الجبال والقفار والدهاس أزجر وأعرف؛ ومن زجر عبيد بن الأبرص الراعي في شعره ما أورده المسعودي {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 478-481}.",
  "en": "Augury — the zajr of birds, tafa'ul and tatayyur, the sanih and barih: counted among the Arabs' specialities, zajr belonging to Banu Asad as kahana to Yemen; mountaineers and desert-dwellers were the readiest augurs {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 478-481}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "words",
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "tradition-versus-culture"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "term",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "مروج الذهب للمسعودي (ط الدار الإفريقية/الشركة العالمية) ج1 ص 478–481",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-muruj-dhahab-batch-4"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/muruj-al-dhahab"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يعد المسعودي زجر الطير والتطير والتفاؤل، وما يتصل بالسانح والبارح، من خواص العرب. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.478-481}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عند المسعودي",
     "markdown": "يقرن المسعودي هذا بالقيافة، وينسب العيافة إلى بني أسد، والقيافة إلى بني مدلج، والكهانة إلى اليمن. ويذكر أن أمماً مجاورة كالإفرنجة نقلتها عن العرب. ويقول إن أهل الجبال والقفار والدهاس أزجر وأعرف. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.478-481}\n\nويورد في هذا الباب شعراً لعبيد بن الأبرص في الزجر. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.478-481}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/zajr-iyafa",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Al-Masudi counts the augury of birds (*zajr al-tayr*), ill omen (*tatayyur*), and good omen (*tafa'ul*), together with what relates to the right-hand and left-hand omens (*sanih* and *barih*), among the attributes of the Arabs. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.478-481}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In al-Masudi",
     "markdown": "Al-Masudi links this with physiognomic tracking (*qiyafa*). He attributes *iyafa* (augury of birds) to the Banu Asad, *qiyafa* (tracking) to the Banu Mudlij, and soothsaying to Yemen. He mentions that neighbouring peoples such as the Franks took it from the Arabs. He says that the people of the mountains, the deserts, and the sands are more skilled at augury and more knowing of it. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.478-481}\n\nHe cites in this section verses by 'Ubayd ibn al-Abras on augury. {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p.478-481}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/zajr-iyafa",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/abjad-kings-etymology",
  "concept/anwa",
  "concept/asma-al-ayyam-wal-shuhur-jahiliyya",
  "concept/ayyam-al-nuhsat",
  "concept/azlam",
  "concept/buyut-al-kawakib",
  "concept/buyut-al-niran",
  "concept/ghul"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}