{
 "id": "event/ahmad-ushrusana-conquest",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "ahmad-ushrusana-conquest",
 "label": {
  "ar": "فتح أشروسنة على يد أحمد بن أبي خالد",
  "en": "Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid's Conquest of Ushrusana"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "وجه المأمون أحمد بن أبي خالد الأحول الكاتب لغزو أشروسنة في جيش عظيم فلما بلغ كاوس إقباله نحوه بعث الفضل بن كاوس إلى الترك يستنجدهم فأنجده منهم الدهم وقدم أحمد بن أبي خالد بلد أشروسنة فأناخ على مدينتها قبل موافاة الفضل بالتراك فكان تقدير كاوس فيه أن يسلك الطريق البعيدة وأنه لا يعرف هذه الطريق المختصرة فسقط في يده ونخب قلبه فاستسلم وخرج في الطاعة وبلغ الفضل خبره فانحاز بالتراك إلى مفازة هناك ثم فارقهم وسار جاداً حتى أتى أباه فدخل في أمانه وهلك الترك عطشاً وورد كاوس مدينة السلام فأظهر الإسلام وملكه المأمون على بلاده ثم ملك حيدر ابنه وهو الأفشين بعده.",
  "en": "Al-Ma'mun sent the katib Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid al-Ahwal in a great host; Kawus summoned the Turks through al-Fadl ibn Kawus — but Ahmad camped on the city by Haydar's short road before the Turks came, and Kawus, who had reckoned him bound to the long route, despaired and yielded. Al-Fadl drew the Turks into a waterless waste, slipped away to his father's aman, and the Turks perished of thirst. Kawus showed Islam at Baghdad and was re-kingdomed, then his son Haydar — al-Afshin — after him."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "conquest",
  "sources": [
   "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)",
   "extraction_flow": "Apple Vision OCR -> manual extraction"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "وجّه الخليفة المأمون الكاتب [[person/ahmad-ibn-abi-khalid|أحمد بن أبي خالد الأحول]] إلى غزو [[place/ushrusana|أشروسنة]] في جيش عظيم، فانتهى الأمر باستسلام ملكها كاوس. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحملة",
     "markdown": "حين بلغ [[person/kawus|كاوس]] إقبال الجيش نحوه، بعث ابنه الفضل إلى الترك يستنجد بهم، فأنجده منهم عدد كبير. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}\n\nوصل أحمد إلى أشروسنة، فأناخ على مدينتها قبل أن يصل الفضل بالأتراك. وكان كاوس قد قدّر أن أحمد سيسلك الطريق البعيدة، وأنه لا يعرف الطريق المختصرة. فلما رأى خطأ تقديره استسلم وخرج في الطاعة. وتذكر الرواية أن [[person/haydar-ibn-kawus|حيدر]] ابن كاوس كان الدليل على الطريق. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بعد الاستسلام",
     "markdown": "بلغ الفضل خبر أبيه، فانحاز بالأتراك إلى مفازة، ثم فارقهم وسار حتى أتى أباه فدخل في أمانه. وهلك الأتراك عطشاً. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}\n\nقدم كاوس إلى مدينة السلام فأظهر الإسلام، وملّكه المأمون على بلاده. ثم ملك ابنه حيدر، وهو الأفشين، بعده. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات",
     "markdown": "لا تذكر بيانات الكيان تاريخاً لهذا الحدث؛ يحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/ahmad-ushrusana-conquest",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The caliph al-Ma'mun sent the secretary [[person/ahmad-ibn-abi-khalid|Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid al-Ahwal]] to conquer [[place/ushrusana|Ushrusana]] with a great army. The matter ended with the surrender of its king, Kawus. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The campaign",
     "markdown": "When [[person/kawus|Kawus]] learned that the army was advancing toward him, he sent his son al-Fadl to the Turks to seek their help, and a large number of them came to his aid. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The surrender",
     "markdown": "Ahmad arrived at Ushrusana and halted before its city before al-Fadl arrived with the Turks. Kawus had reckoned that Ahmad would take the long road and did not know the short route. When he saw his error he surrendered and submitted. The account says that [[person/haydar-ibn-kawus|Haydar]], the son of Kawus, guided the army along the route. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "After the surrender",
     "markdown": "When al-Fadl heard of his father's fate, he withdrew with the Turks into a desert, then left them and went on until he came to his father and entered his protection. The Turks died of thirst. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407} Kawus came to Madinat al-Salam, professed Islam, and al-Ma'mun confirmed him as ruler of his lands. After him, his son Haydar, who was al-Afshin, ruled. {cite:futuh-buldan-maarif-1407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes",
     "markdown": "The data gives no date for this event; it needs an additional source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/ahmad-ushrusana-conquest",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/ahmad-ibn-abi-khalid",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الأمير الفاتح",
   "sources": [
    "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/kawus",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الملك المستسلم",
   "sources": [
    "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/haydar-ibn-kawus",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الدليل على الطريق",
   "sources": [
    "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/ushrusana",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/kawus-ushrusana-affair",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-abi-khalid",
  "person/haydar-ibn-kawus",
  "person/kawus",
  "place/ushrusana"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}