{
 "id": "event/al-adil-takes-jaffa-593",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "al-adil-takes-jaffa-593",
 "label": {
  "ar": "ملك العادل يافا وملك الفرنج بيروت",
  "en": "Al-Adil takes Jaffa and the Franks take Beirut (593 AH)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في شوال سنة ثلاث وتسعين وخمسمائة ملك الملك العادل مدينة يافا من الفرنج؛ وكان ببيروت أمير مقطعها يعرف بأسامة يرسل الشواني يقطعون الطريق على الفرنج فاشتكوا إلى العادل والعزيز فلم يمنعاه، فأمدهم الفرنج بعساكر كثيرة أكثرهم من عسكر ملك الألمان مقدمهم قس يعرف بالخنصلير، فجمع العادل العساكر على عين جالوت ورحلوا إلى يافا فملكوا المدينة وخربوها وحصروا قلعتها فملكوها عنوة في يومها، وأخذ كل ما بها غنيمة وأسراً؛ ووصل الفرنج من عكا إلى قيسارية ليمنعوهم فتأخروا لسقوط ملكهم الكندهري من موضع عالٍ بعكا فمات واختلاف أحوالهم، فلما بلغهم ملك يافا عادوا؛ ثم سار العادل إلى بيروت وهدموا سورها وشرعوا في تخريب دورها وقلعتها فمنعهم أسامة وتكفل بحفظها، فرحل الفرنج إلى صيدا فملكوا بيروت من المسلمين لما كانت قد خربت وحصروا تبنين ثم رحلوا عنها {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}.",
  "en": "Shawwal 593: al-Adil massed the Ayyubid armies at Ayn Jalut, stormed Jaffa's citadel in a day and took all in it as booty and captives. The German-led Frankish relief reached Caesarea too late — their king Henry of Champagne had fallen from a high place at Acre and died, throwing them into confusion. The Ayyubids then razed Beirut's walls; the Franks slipped in, reoccupied it and besieged Tibnin before withdrawing {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/crusades-ayyubid-mamluk"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "crusades"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1197.6665503056188,
  "latest": 1197.748687515797
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "hijri": "0593-10",
   "edtf": "1197-09",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "شوال ٥٩٣هـ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "hijri": "0593-10",
   "edtf": "1197-09",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "شوال ٥٩٣هـ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "conquest",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "hijri": "0593-10",
    "edtf": "1197-09",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "شوال ٥٩٣هـ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}.",
    "sources": [
     "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
    ]
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الكامل في التاريخ — ابن الأثير، مسح kamilt00_201908، ص 245-246",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-kamil-562-629-12"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); needs_source: date (second source to be checked)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في شوال سنة 593هـ ملك [[person/al-malik-al-adil-ayyub|الملك العادل]] يافا من الفرنج، ثم ملك الفرنج بيروت بعد أن خُرّبت. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخلفية",
     "markdown": "كان ببيروت أمير مقطعها يعرف بأسامة، يرسل الشواني فتقطع الطريق على الفرنج. فاشتكوا إلى العادل والعزيز فلم يمنعاه. فأمدّ الفرنج أنفسهم بعساكر كثيرة، أكثرها من عسكر ملك الألمان. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "يافا",
     "markdown": "جمع العادل العساكر على عين جالوت، ورحلوا إلى يافا فملكوا المدينة وخرّبوها. وحصروا قلعتها فملكوها عنوة في يومها، وأخذ كل ما بها غنيمة وأسراً. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}\n\nوصل الفرنج من عكا إلى قيسارية ليمنعوهم، فتأخروا. وذلك لسقوط ملكهم [[person/henry-of-champagne|الكندهري]] من موضع عالٍ بعكا فمات، واختلاف أحوالهم. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بيروت",
     "markdown": "لما بلغهم ملك يافا عادوا. وسار العادل إلى بيروت، فهدموا سورها وشرعوا في تخريب دورها وقلعتها. فمنعهم أسامة وتكفل بحفظها. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}\n\nرحل الفرنج إلى صيدا فملكوا بيروت من المسلمين لما كانت قد خربت، وحصروا تبنين ثم رحلوا عنها. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات",
     "markdown": "التاريخ الميلادي مشتق، ويحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/al-adil-takes-jaffa-593",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "In Shawwal 593 AH [[person/al-malik-al-adil-ayyub|al-Malik al-Adil]] took Jaffa from the Franks. The Franks then took Beirut after it had been ruined. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Background",
     "markdown": "At Beirut there was an iqta' holder known as Usama, who sent galleys that cut the Franks' sea route. They complained to al-Adil and al-Aziz, but neither stopped him. The Franks gathered many troops for themselves, most of them from the army of the King of the Germans. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Jaffa",
     "markdown": "al-Adil gathered the troops at 'Ayn Jalut, and they marched to Jaffa. They took the city and ruined it, and they besieged its citadel and took it by force on the same day. Everything in it was taken as booty, and people were taken captive. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}\n\nThe Franks came from Acre to Caesarea to block them, but they held back, because their king, [[person/henry-of-champagne|al-Kandhari]], had fallen from a high place in Acre and died, and their affairs were in disorder. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Beirut",
     "markdown": "When news of the taking of Jaffa reached them, the Franks turned back. al-Adil marched to Beirut, and they demolished its wall and began to destroy its houses and citadel. Usama stopped them and undertook to guard it. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}\n\nThe Franks marched to Sidon and took Beirut from the Muslims, since it had been ruined, and they besieged Tibnin and then withdrew from it. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 245-246}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes",
     "markdown": "The Gregorian date is derived, and it needs an additional source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/al-adil-takes-jaffa-593",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/al-malik-al-adil-ayyub",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "ملك يافا وقاد تخريب بيروت",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/henry-of-champagne",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "ملك الفرنج بعكا الذي سقط فمات وتأخر الإمداد بسببه",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/al-adil-takes-damascus-592",
  "event/damascus-partition-590",
  "event/death-of-salah-al-din-589",
  "event/red-sea-raid-578",
  "person/al-malik-al-adil-ayyub",
  "person/henry-of-champagne",
  "event/barbarossa-crusade-586",
  "event/battle-ford-of-sorrows-575"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}