{
 "id": "event/badr-battle-day",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "badr-battle-day",
 "label": {
  "ar": "يوم بدر: الصف والمبارزة ونصر الله",
  "en": "The day of Badr: the lines, the duels and the victory"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في الجمعة السابع عشر من رمضان سنة اثنتين من الهجرة وقف الجيشان في بدر؛ دعا النبي ربه ساعة اشتد القتال، ثم نزلت الملائكة، فهزم الله جيش مكة، وقُتل صناديدهم بعد مبارزات أولها بين حمزة وعلي وعبيدة وبين عتبة وشيبة والوليد، وفرّ إبليس في صورة سراقة.",
  "en": "On the Friday of 17 Ramadan in the second year of the Hijra the two armies met at Badr; the Prophet prayed to his Lord at the height of the fighting, the angels came down, God routed the Meccan army, and their chiefs fell after duels whose first were between Hamza, Ali and Ubayda and Utba, Shayba and al-Walid; Iblis fled in the form of Suraqa."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people",
  "place"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 624.206451877862,
  "latest": 624.2091897848372
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0624-03-17~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ليلة الجمعة السابع عشر من رمضان سنة اثنتين من الهجرة، يقرره الكتاب (الرحيق ص212)."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0624-03-17~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ليلة الجمعة السابع عشر من رمضان سنة اثنتين من الهجرة، يقرره الكتاب (الرحيق ص212)."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "battle",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624-03-17~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "day",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "ليلة الجمعة السابع عشر من رمضان سنة اثنتين من الهجرة، يقرره الكتاب (الرحيق ص212)."
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/sahih-muslim",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
   "source/mishkat-al-masabih"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص212–219 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/630–650 وصحيح مسلم وصحيح البخاري 2/568 ورحمة للعالمين 1/120–123 ومشكاة المصابيح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-14b"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 212–219"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في ليلة الجمعة السابع عشر من رمضان سنة اثنتين من الهجرة نزل المسلمون على الماء، وجعلوا لـ[[person/muhammad|النبي]] عريشاً يشرف على ساحة المعركة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.212}. وفي الصباح وقف الجيشان، فكانت [[event/badr-duel|المبارزة]] أول القتال، ثم هجم المشركون، ثم هزمهم الله بالملائكة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الليلة قبلها",
     "markdown": "قال [[person/sad-ibn-muadh|سعد بن معاذ]] للنبي إن يُعز الله المسلمين فذاك، وإن كانت الأخرى جلس على ركائبه ولحق بمن وراءهم، وأثنى النبي عليه ودعا له {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.212}. ثم مشى النبي في الموضع يشير: هذا مصرع فلان غداً، وبات يصلي إلى جذع شجرة، وبات المسلمون ليلتهم هادئي الأنفاس، وأنزل الله النعاس أمنة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.212}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "كلام المشركين",
     "markdown": "في معسكر قريش أتى نفر منهم إلى حوض المسلمين فقال النبي دعوهم، فما شرب منهم أحد يومئذ إلا قُتل سوى [[person/hakim-ibn-hizam|حكيم بن حزام]] فلم يُقتل وأسلم بعد ذلك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.213}. وأرسل قريش عمير بن وهب ليقدر عددهم، فقال: ثلاثمائة يزيدون قليلاً أو ينقصون، ونصح بالعودة، فقام [[person/hakim-ibn-hizam|حكيم]] إلى [[person/utba-ibn-rabia|عتبة]] يعرض عليه أن يرجع بالناس ويتحمل دية حليفه عمرو بن الحضرمي، فقال عتبة إنه ضامن، ثم خطب في قريش يقول إنه لا خير في قتل ابن العم أو ابن الخال، فذهب حكيم إلى أبي جهل فقال إن عتبة يريد أن يرجع، فقال أبو جهل إن عتبة رأى محمداً وأصحابه أكلة جزور، ثم استنهض عامر بن الحضرمي فكشف عن استه وصرخ: واعمراه، فحمي القوم وذهبت المعارضة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.213} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "تعديل الصفوف",
     "markdown": "لما ترايا الجمعان قال النبي: اللهم هذه قريش قد أقبلت بخيلائها تحادك وتكذب رسولك، فانصرنا، وقال إن يكن في القوم خير ففي صاحب الجمل الأحمر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215}. وعدل الصفوف، فطعن سواد بن غزية بالقدح، فاستقاده فكشف بطنه، فاعتنقه سواد وقبّل بطنه وقال إنه أراد أن يكون آخر العهد به أن يمس جلده جلده، فدعا له بخير {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215}. وأمر أن لا يبدأوا القتال حتى يأمرهم، فإذا أكثبوهم يرمونهم ويستبقون نبلهم، ولا يسلون السيوف حتى يغشوهم، ثم رجع إلى العريش مع أبي بكر وبقي سعد بن معاذ على باب العريش {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "أول القتال",
     "markdown": "كان أول من برز الأسود بن عبد الأسد المخزومي، فضربه حمزة فأطن قدمه فزحف إلى الحوض ليبرّ يمينه، فضربه حمزة حتى قُتل داخل الحوض {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216}. ثم برز عتبة وشيبة والوليد، فخرج إليهم عوف ومعوذ ابنا عفراء وعبد الله بن رواحة، فقالوا إنهم يريدون بني عمهم، فقام عبيدة وحمزة وعلي، فكان لكل مبارز قرنه، فقتل حمزة وعلي عتبة والوليد، وأثخن كل من عبيدة وشيبة صاحبه، ثم قتلاه، واحتملا عبيدة وقد قُطعت رجله، فمات بالصفراء بعد أيام {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217}. وكان علي يقسم أن قول الله في الخصمين نزل فيهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "دعاء النبي والملائكة",
     "markdown": "كان النبي منذ تعديل الصفوف يناشد ربه النصر، فلما اشتد القتال قال: اللهم إن تهلك هذه العصابة اليوم لا تعبد، فسقط رداؤه عن منكبيه، فرده [[person/abu-bakr|أبو بكر]] وقال: حسبك يا رسول الله، ألححت على ربك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217}. فأوحى الله إلى الملائكة أن ثبتوا الذين آمنوا، وإلى النبي أنه ممد بألف من الملائكة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}. وقال للصديق: أبشر، هذا جبريل آخذ بعنان فرسه على ثناياه النقع، ثم خرج من العريش يقرأ بأن الجمع سيهزم، وقبض حفنة من الحصباء فرماها في وجوه المشركين وقال شاهت الوجوه، فما أصاب أحداً منهم إلا دخل في عينه ومنخريه وفمه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الهجوم المضاد",
     "markdown": "أمر النبي جيشه بالهجوم المضاد، وقال إن من يقاتل صابراً محتسباً مقبلاً غير مدبر أدخله الله الجنة، فقال [[person/umayr-ibn-al-humam|عمير بن الحمام]]: بخ بخ، ثم أكل تمرات كانت معه وقاتل حتى قُتل {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}. وقال عوف بن الحارث للنبي إن الرب يعجب من عبده إذا غمس يده في العدو حاسراً، فنزع درعه وقاتل حتى قُتل {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "إبليس",
     "markdown": "لما رأى إبليس الملائكة تفعل بالمشركين فر ونكص، فتشبث به [[person/al-harith-ibn-hisham|الحارث بن هشام]] يظنه سراقة، فدفعه فألقاه، فقال إنه يرى ما لا يرون، ثم ألقى نفسه في البحر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.219}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "أسر العباس",
     "markdown": "جاء رجل من الأنصار بـ[[person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib|العباس بن عبد المطلب]] أسيراً، فقال العباس إن الذي أسره رجل أجلح على فرس أبلق لم يره في القوم، فقال الأنصاري إنه هو، فقال النبي: اسكت فقد أيّدك الله بملك كريم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.219}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- يذكر الكتاب الخلاف في تعيين المبارزين، فيقول إن رواية أحمد وأبي داود تخالف ترتيب ابن إسحاق في المبارزة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217}.\n- الكتاب يثبت أن الأسير الذي أسره الرجل هو العباس، ويروي أن الأنصاري قال ذلك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.219}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "وقف المسلمون في بدر أمام جيش مكة الذي كان أكبر منهم، فدعا النبي ربه، وأرسل الله الملائكة، فهزم المشركون وقُتل كثير من زعمائهم."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/badr-battle-day",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "On the night of Friday, the seventeenth of Ramadan in the second year of the Hijra, the Muslims camped at the water, and they set up a bower for [[person/muhammad|the Prophet]] overlooking the battlefield. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.212} In the morning the two armies stood facing each other. The [[event/badr-duel|duel]] came first, then the polytheists charged, then God routed them with the angels. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The night before",
     "markdown": "[[person/sad-ibn-muadh|Sa'd ibn Mu'adh]] said to the Prophet that if God gave the Muslims victory, that was well, and if it went the other way he would sit on his mounts and join those behind them. The Prophet praised him and prayed for him. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.212} The Prophet then walked over the ground pointing: this is where so-and-so will fall tomorrow. He spent the night praying toward the trunk of a tree, and the Muslims spent the night quietly, and God sent down drowsiness upon them as a reassurance. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.212}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The words of the polytheists",
     "markdown": "In the Quraysh camp some men came to the Muslims' water-source, and the Prophet said: \"Leave them.\" None of them who drank that day was spared, except [[person/hakim-ibn-hizam|Hakim ibn Hizam]], who was not killed and afterwards became a Muslim. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.213} Quraysh sent Umayr ibn Wahb to estimate their number. He said: \"Three hundred, a little more or less,\" and advised them to turn back. [[person/hakim-ibn-hizam|Hakim]] went to [[person/utba-ibn-rabia|Utba]] and offered that he would return with the people and bear the blood-money of his ally Amr ibn al-Hadrami. Utba said he would be responsible for it, and then he addressed Quraysh, saying there was no good in killing a cousin or a maternal cousin. Hakim went to Abu Jahl and told him that Utba wanted to turn back. Abu Jahl said that Utba had seen Muhammad and his companions as men who feast on camel meat. Then he roused Amir ibn al-Hadrami, who uncovered his backside and cried out: \"Woe to our honour!\" The people were stirred up, and the opposition collapsed. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.213} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Lining up the ranks",
     "markdown": "When the two hosts came in sight of each other, the Prophet said: \"O God, here is Quraysh come with its pride, opposing You and calling Your messenger a liar; give us victory.\" He said that if there was good among the people it was in the man on the red camel. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215} He straightened the ranks. Sawad ibn Ghaziyya was poked with an arrow-shaft, and asked for retaliation, so the Prophet uncovered his belly. Sawad embraced him and kissed his belly, saying he wanted his last contact with the Prophet to be his skin touching his. The Prophet prayed good for him. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215} He ordered them not to start fighting until he gave the command; when the enemy came close they were to shoot and save their arrows, and not draw their swords until the enemy surrounded them. He then returned to the bower with Abu Bakr, and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh stayed at the entrance of the bower. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.215} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The first fighting",
     "markdown": "The first to come forward was al-Aswad ibn Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi. Hamza struck his leg and cut it off, and he crawled toward the pool to fulfil his oath, and Hamza struck him until he was killed inside the pool. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216} Then Utba, Shayba and al-Walid came out. Awf and Mu'awwidh, sons of Afra', and Abd Allah ibn Rawaha came out to meet them, but they said they wanted their cousins. Ubayda, Hamza and Ali rose, and each one had his opponent. Hamza and Ali killed Utba and al-Walid, and Ubayda and Shayba each wounded the other, then they killed him. They carried Ubayda, whose leg had been cut off, and he died at al-Safra some days later. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.216} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217} Ali used to swear that God's words about the two disputants came down about them. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The prayer of the Prophet and the angels",
     "markdown": "From the lining up of the ranks, the Prophet had been pleading with his Lord for victory. When the fighting grew fierce, he said: \"O God, if this band perishes today, You will not be worshipped.\" His cloak slipped from his shoulders, and [[person/abu-bakr|Abu Bakr]] put it back and said: \"That is enough, O Messenger of God; you have pressed your Lord.\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217} God revealed to the angels that they should make the believers firm, and revealed to the Prophet that he was being aided by a thousand angels. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218} He said to the Righteous (Abu Bakr): \"Rejoice; this is Gabriel holding the bridle of his horse, dust on his front teeth.\" Then he came out of the bower and recited that the host would be routed, took a handful of pebbles and threw them at the faces of the polytheists, saying: \"May their faces be disfigured.\" Not one of them was struck without it entering his eyes, his nostrils and his mouth. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The counterattack",
     "markdown": "The Prophet ordered his army to counterattack, and said that whoever fought patiently, seeking reward, facing forward and not turning back, would be admitted by God to Paradise. [[person/umayr-ibn-al-humam|Umayr ibn al-Humam]] said: \"Bakh, bakh!\" Then he ate some dates he had with him, and fought until he was killed. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218} Awf ibn al-Harith said to the Prophet that the Lord is pleased with His servant when he plunges his hand into the enemy unarmoured. He took off his armour and fought until he was killed. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.218}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Iblis",
     "markdown": "When Iblis saw the angels acting against the polytheists, he fled and turned back. [[person/al-harith-ibn-hisham|al-Harith ibn Hisham]] grabbed hold of him, thinking he was Suraqa, and he pushed him and threw him down. Iblis said that he saw what they did not see, and then threw himself into the sea. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.219}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The capture of al-Abbas",
     "markdown": "A man of the Ansar brought in [[person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib|al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] as a captive. al-Abbas said that the man who had captured him was a bald man on a piebald horse whom he had not seen among the people. The Ansari said that it was he. The Prophet said: \"Be quiet; God has supported you with a noble angel.\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.219}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The book notes the disagreement over identifying the duellists. It says that the report of Ahmad and Abu Dawud differs from the order given by Ibn Ishaq in the duel. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.217}\n- The book establishes that the captive whom the man took was al-Abbas, and relates that the Ansari said so. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.219}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Muslims stood at Badr before the army of Mecca, which was larger than they were. The Prophet prayed to his Lord, and God sent the angels. The polytheists were defeated, and many of their leaders were killed."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/badr-battle-day",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 24,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/badr",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-bakr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hamza",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "بارز عتبة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "بارز الوليد",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ubayda-ibn-al-harith",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "بارز شيبة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/utba-ibn-rabia",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قُتل في المبارزة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hakim-ibn-hizam",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "لم يقتل ثم أسلم وحسن إسلامه",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umayr-ibn-al-humam",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قاتل حتى قُتل",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أسره رجل من الأنصار",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/badr-duel",
   "type": "caused",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "place/mecca",
  "event/badr-duel",
  "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
  "event/badr-aftermath",
  "event/burial-of-the-prophet",
  "event/badr-expedition-setup",
  "event/battle-of-hunayn"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}