{ "id": "event/badr-expedition-setup", "class": "event", "slug": "badr-expedition-setup", "label": { "ar": "التعبئة قبل بدر: عير أبي سفيان ونفير مكة وخروج النبي", "en": "The build-up to Badr: Abu Sufyan's caravan, Mecca's muster and the Prophet's march" }, "summary": { "ar": "خرج النبي في السنة الثانية للهجرة طلباً لعير أبي سفيان العائدة من الشام، فاستنفرت قريش نفيرها ليحموا عيرهم، ومضى الجيشان نحو بدر؛ وانسحب أبو سفيان بالعير إلى الساحل، فرجع بنو زهرة بقيادة الأخنس بن شريق، وسار جيش مكة نحو بدر، فاستكشف النبي أمرهم بالغلامين وبالشيخ.", "en": "In Ramadan of the second year of the Hijra the Prophet set out to intercept Abu Sufyan's caravan returning from Syria; Quraysh mustered to defend it, and the two armies moved towards Badr; Abu Sufyan turned the caravan to the coast, Banu Zuhra withdrew under al-Akhnas ibn Shariq, and the Meccan army pressed on to Badr, where the Prophet learned their numbers from two water-carriers." }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "time" ], "regions": [ "arabia" ], "periods": [ "period/prophetic-era" ], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [], "span": { "earliest": 624.1626453657502, "latest": 624.2475204829352 }, "display": { "start": { "edtf": "0624-03~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "note": "السنة الثانية للهجرة؛ يفصل الكتاب الشهر في موضع لاحق (الرحيق ص204)." }, "end": { "edtf": "0624-03~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "note": "السنة الثانية للهجرة؛ يفصل الكتاب الشهر في موضع لاحق (الرحيق ص204)." } }, "data": { "kind": "campaign", "date": { "start": { "edtf": "0624-03~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "note": "السنة الثانية للهجرة؛ يفصل الكتاب الشهر في موضع لاحق (الرحيق ص204)." } }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/ibn-hisham-sira", "source/zad-al-maad" ], "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص204–211 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/606–630 وزاد المعاد 2/85–90", "generated_by": "Claude Code", "model": "claude-haiku-5-5", "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-14a" }, "status": { "review": "draft", "completeness": 2, "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 204–211" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "موجز", "markdown": "بعد أن علم النبي أن [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb|أبا سفيان]] مقبل بعير لقريش من الشام، خرج بأصحابه نحوها، وكان الكتاب يرى أن ذلك كان للغنيمة لا للقتال، فلم يعزم على أحد بالخروج {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204}. وكانت العير مركبة من ثروة طائلة، ألف بعير، ولم يكن معها من الحرس إلا نحو أربعين رجلاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204}." }, { "heading": "الجيشان", "markdown": "خرج النبي في نحو ثلاثمائة وبضعة عشر رجلاً، منهم ثلاثة وثمانون من المهاجرين وإحدى وستون من الأوس ومائة وسبعون من الخزرج، ومعهم فرسان فقط، وكان يعتقب الرجال على سبعين بعيراً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.205}. واستخلف على المدينة ابن أم مكتوم، ثم ردّ [[person/abu-lubaba-ibn-abd-al-mundhir|أبا لبابة]] في الروحاء واستعمله عليها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.205}. ودفع لواء القيادة العامة إلى [[person/musab-ibn-umayr|مصعب بن عمير]]، وجعل كتيبة المهاجرين مع [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|علي]] وكتيبة الأنصار مع [[person/sad-ibn-muadh|سعد بن معاذ]]، وقيادة الميمنة [[person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam|للزبير]] والميسرة [[person/al-miqdad-ibn-amr|للمقداد]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.205}." }, { "heading": "استعداد قريش", "markdown": "لما وصل الخبر إلى أبي سفيان استأجر ضمضم بن عمرو الغفاري ليصرخ في مكة بالنفير لحماية العير، فجدع أنفه وشق قميصه وقال: الغوث الغوث {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206}. فتحفزت قريش، ولم يتخلف من أشرافها أحد إلا أبا لهب، فعوّض عنه رجلاً كان له عليه دين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206}. وكان جيشهم نحو ألف وثلاثمائة مقاتل مع مائة فرس وستمائة درع، وقائدهم أبو جهل، وكان يُنحر لهم في اليوم تسع أو عشر من الإبل {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206}. وتخوفت قريش من بني بكر، فتبدّى لهم إبليس في صورة سراقة بن مالك وقال إنه جار لهم من كنانة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206}." }, { "heading": "العير تفلت", "markdown": "نجا أبو سفيان بالعير، فلقي مجدي بن عمرو وسأله عن جيش المدينة، فلما رأى نوى في أبعار راحلتين قال إنها علائف يثرب، فحوّل العير نحو الساحل غرباً وأرسل إلى مكة يخبرها بالنجاة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.207}. فهمّ جيش مكة بالرجوع، فقال أبو جهل: والله لا نرجع حتى نرد بدراً فنقيم بها ثلاثاً ننحر ونطعم ونسقي الخمر، فأشار الأخنس بن شريق بالرجوع فعصوه، فرجع هو وبنو زهرة، وكانوا نحو ثلاثمائة، فلم يشهد بدراً زهري واحد {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.207} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.208}." }, { "heading": "استكشاف النبي", "markdown": "لما نزل النبي قريباً من بدر خرج بنفسه مع أبي بكر يستطلع، فلقيا شيخاً من العرب لم يخبرهما إلا بعد أن أخبراه، فقال إن محمداً خرج يوم كذا وإن قريشاً خرجت يوم كذا، وقال النبي إنهما من ماء {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.210}. ثم أرسل علياً والزبير وسعداً فأمسكوا بغلامين يسقيان لجيش مكة، فضربوهما حتى قالا إنهما لأبي سفيان، فلما قالا إنهما لقريش صدّقهما النبي وسألهما: كم القوم؟ قالا كثير، قال كم ينحرون؟ قالا تسعاً ويوماً عشراً، فقال النبي: القوم بين التسعمائة والألف، وذكرا له أشراف قريش {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.210} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211}. فقال: هذه مكة قد ألقت إليكم أفلاذ كبدها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211}." }, { "heading": "المطر والماء", "markdown": "أنزل الله مطراً ليلة المعركة، فكان على المشركين وابلاً منعهم من التقدم، وعلى المسلمين طلاً طهّرهم وثبّت أقدامهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211}. وأشار [[person/hubab-ibn-al-mundhir|الحباب بن المنذر]] على النبي أن ينزل أدنى ماء من القوم ويغوّر ما وراءه ويبني حوضاً، فقال النبي إنه أشار بالرأي، ففعل {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211}." }, { "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين", "markdown": "- عدد الجيش المسلم وتوزيعه رواية الكتاب مع الخلاف بين 313 و314 و317، والمهاجرين 82 أو 83 أو 86 {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204}.\n- يذكر الكتاب أن الغلامين قالا في البداية إنهما لأبي سفيان، وأن الكتاب يرى أن الضرب قبل ذلك كان من المسلمين طمعاً في القافلة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.210}." }, { "heading": "للزوار الصغار", "markdown": "خرج المسلمون ليأخذوا القافلة التي فيها أموال قريش، فجاءت قريش بجيش كبير ليحمي قافلتها، وصارا أمام بعض في بدر، فنزل المطر وصار الماء للمسلمين." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "event/badr-expedition-setup", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] } }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Overview", "markdown": "After the Prophet learned that [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb|Abu Sufyan]] was approaching with a Quraysh caravan from Syria, he set out with his Companions toward it. The book holds that this was for booty and not for battle, so he did not compel anyone to go out. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204} The caravan was laden with great wealth, a thousand camels, and had only about forty men as guard. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204}" }, { "heading": "The two armies", "markdown": "The Prophet went out with about three hundred and some men: eighty-three of the Muhajirun, sixty-one of the Aws and a hundred and seventy of the Khazraj. They had only two horses between them, and men took turns riding seventy camels. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.205} He appointed Ibn Umm Maktum over Medina, then sent back [[person/abu-lubaba-ibn-abd-al-mundhir|Abu Lubaba]] from al-Rawha and appointed him over it. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.205} He gave the banner of general command to [[person/musab-ibn-umayr|Mus'ab ibn Umayr]], made the battalion of the Muhajirun under [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|Ali]] and the battalion of the Ansar under [[person/sad-ibn-muadh|Sa'd ibn Mu'adh]], and placed the right wing under [[person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam|al-Zubayr]] and the left wing under [[person/al-miqdad-ibn-amr|al-Miqdad]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.205}" }, { "heading": "Quraysh prepares", "markdown": "When the news reached Abu Sufyan, he hired Damdam ibn Amr al-Ghifari to cry out in Mecca for a call to arms to protect the caravan. Damdam slit his nose, tore his shirt and cried: \"Help! Help!\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206} Quraysh stirred. None of its notables held back except Abu Lahab, who sent in his place a man to whom he owed a debt. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206} Their army numbered about thirteen hundred fighters, with a hundred horses and six hundred coats of mail. Its commander was Abu Jahl, and they slaughtered nine or ten camels a day for them. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206} Quraysh feared the Banu Bakr, but Iblis appeared to them in the form of Suraqa ibn Malik and said he was their protector against Kinana. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.206}" }, { "heading": "The caravan escapes", "markdown": "Abu Sufyan escaped with the caravan. He met Majdi ibn Amr and asked him about the army of Medina. When he saw date-stones in the dung of two camels, he said they were the fodder of Yathrib. He turned the caravan westward toward the coast and sent word to Mecca that they were safe. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.207} The army of Mecca then wished to turn back, but Abu Jahl said: \"By God, we will not return until we reach Badr, and stay there three days, slaughtering, feeding, and pouring out wine.\" Al-Akhnas ibn Shariq urged them to turn back, but they disobeyed him, so he returned with the Banu Zuhra, who were about three hundred, and not one man of the Zuhra was present at Badr. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.207} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.208}" }, { "heading": "The Prophet's reconnaissance", "markdown": "When the Prophet camped near Badr, he went out himself with Abu Bakr to scout. They met an old Arab who would not tell them anything until they told him who they were. He said that Muhammad had set out on such-and-such day and Quraysh on such-and-such day. The Prophet said they were from water. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.210} He then sent Ali, al-Zubayr and Sa'd, who caught two boys who were watering for the army of Mecca. They beat them until they said they belonged to Abu Sufyan; when they said they belonged to Quraysh, the Prophet accepted their word and asked: \"How many are the people?\" They said: \"Many.\" He asked: \"How many do they slaughter?\" They said: \"Nine camels one day and ten the next.\" The Prophet said: \"The people are between nine hundred and a thousand.\" They named for him the nobles of Quraysh. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.210} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211} He said: \"This is Mecca, which has thrown to you the best pieces of its liver.\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211}" }, { "heading": "Rain and water", "markdown": "God sent rain on the night of the battle. It fell as a downpour on the polytheists and kept them from advancing, and on the Muslims it fell as a light drizzle that purified them and steadied their feet. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211} [[person/hubab-ibn-al-mundhir|al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir]] advised the Prophet to camp at the nearest water to the enemy, to block what lay beyond it and to build a cistern. The Prophet said he had given sound counsel, and they did it. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.211}" }, { "heading": "Notes for researchers", "markdown": "- The book's figures for the Muslim army and its division differ between 313, 314 and 317, and for the Muhajirun between 82, 83 and 86. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.204}\n- The book notes that the two boys first said they belonged to Abu Sufyan, and that it holds that the beating before that had been done by Muslims hoping to seize the caravan. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.210}" }, { "heading": "For young visitors", "markdown": "The Muslims went out to seize the caravan that carried Quraysh's wealth, but Quraysh brought a large army to protect its caravan. The two sides came face to face at Badr, the rain fell, and the water came to the Muslims." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "event/badr-expedition-setup", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [ "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation" ] } } }, "degree": 20, "contemporaries": [], "connections": [ { "to": "place/badr", "type": "occurred_at", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/muhammad", "type": "had_participant", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb", "type": "had_participant", "inverse": true, "role": "صاحب العير", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/abu-jahl", "type": "had_participant", "inverse": true, "role": "قائد جيش مكة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/al-akhnas-ibn-shariq", "type": "had_participant", "inverse": true, "role": "رجع ببني زهرة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/musab-ibn-umayr", "type": "had_participant", "inverse": true, "role": "حامل لواء المهاجرين والقيادة العامة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib", "type": "had_participant", "inverse": true, "role": "حامل لواء كتيبة المهاجرين", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/sad-ibn-muadh", "type": "had_participant", "inverse": true, "role": "حامل لواء كتيبة الأنصار", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/battle-of-badr", "type": "caused", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "period/prophetic-era", "type": "part_of", "inverse": false } ], "related": [ "event/battle-of-badr", "event/battle-of-the-trench", "event/battle-of-uhud", "event/expedition-of-badr-al-mawida", "group/early-muslims", "place/mecca", "event/badr-aftermath", "event/badr-battle-day" ], "license": { "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "data": "CC0 1.0" } }