{
 "id": "event/balkh-qara-khitai-594",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "balkh-qara-khitai-594",
 "label": {
  "ar": "ملك الغورية بلخ من الخطا",
  "en": "The Ghurid capture of Balkh from the Qara Khitai (594 AH)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في سنة أربع وتسعين وخمسمائة توفي صاحب بلخ وكان تركياً اسمه أزيه يحمل الخراج كل سنة إلى الخطا بما وراء النهر، فسار بهاء الدين سام بن محمد بن مسعود — وهو ابن أخت غياث الدين وشهاب الدين وله باميان — إلى المدينة فملكها وتمكن منها وقطع الحمل إلى الخطا وخطب لغياث الدين، فصارت من جملة بلاد الإسلام بعد أن كانت في طاعتهم؛ فأرسل خوارزم شاه تكش إلى الخطا يستنجدهم على غياث الدين فعبر ملك الخطا بجيش مقدمه طاينكوا جيحون في جمادى الآخرة — والزمان شتاء — فلقيهم عسكر غياث الدين فانهزموا {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}.",
  "en": "594: on the death of its Turkish tribute-lord Aziya, Baha al-Din Sam of Bamiyan — nephew of both Ghurid sultans — marched on Balkh, took it, cut the yearly tribute to the Qara Khitai and raised the khutba for Ghiyath al-Din, 'returning it to the lands of Islam'; the Khita's answering expedition under Tayanku crossed the Oxus that winter and broke before the Ghurid army {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/crusades-ayyubid-mamluk"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1198.0005749604716,
  "latest": 1198.9999110179906
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "hijri": "0594",
   "edtf": "1198",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "سنة ٥٩٤هـ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "hijri": "0594",
   "edtf": "1198",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "سنة ٥٩٤هـ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252}.",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "conquest",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "hijri": "0594",
    "edtf": "1198",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "سنة ٥٩٤هـ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252}.",
    "sources": [
     "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
    ]
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الكامل في التاريخ — ابن الأثير، مسح kamilt00_201908، ص 252-253",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-kamil-562-629-12"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يروي ابن الأثير في «الكامل» أن صاحب بلخ توفي سنة 594هـ، وكان تركياً اسمه أزيه، يحمل الخراج كل سنة إلى الخطا. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملك الغورية بلخ",
     "markdown": "سار إليها [[person/baha-al-din-sam-bamiyani|بهاء الدين سام]] صاحب باميان، فملكها وقطع الحمل إلى الخطا وخطب لغياث الدين. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "رد الفعل",
     "markdown": "أرسل خوارزم شاه تكش إلى الخطا يستنجدهم على غياث الدين. فعبر ملك الخطا بجيش مقدمه طاينكوا جيحون في جمادى الآخرة، في الشتاء، فلقيهم عسكر غياث الدين فانهزموا. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/balkh-qara-khitai-594",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Ibn al-Athir, in \"al-Kamil\", relates that the lord of Balkh died in 594 AH. He was a Turk named Azih, who used to pay the tribute each year to the Khitai. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Ghurids take Balkh",
     "markdown": "[[person/baha-al-din-sam-bamiyani|Baha al-Din Sam]], lord of Bamiyan, marched to it and took it. He cut off the tribute to the Khitai and had the sermon given in the name of Ghiyath al-Din. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The reaction",
     "markdown": "The Khwarazm-shah Tekish sent to the Khitai seeking their help against Ghiyath al-Din. The king of the Khitai crossed the Oxus in the month of Jumada al-Akhira, in winter, with an army whose vanguard was led by Tayankuwa. The army of Ghiyath al-Din met them and they were routed. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 252-253}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/balkh-qara-khitai-594",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/baha-al-din-sam-bamiyani",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "صاحب باميان الذي ملك بلخ وقطع الخراج عن الخطا",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/baha-al-din-sam-bamiyani"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}