{
 "id": "event/battle-of-uhud",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "battle-of-uhud",
 "label": {
  "en": "The Battle of Uhud",
  "ar": "غزوة أحد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A battle near Mount Uhud in which the Quraysh gained the upper hand and Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, was killed.",
  "ar": "معركة قرب جبل أحد تفوّقت فيها قريش واستشهد فيها حمزة عم النبي."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "battles",
  "desertions-defections-withdrawals"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 625.1619814233009,
  "latest": 625.2468565404859
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0625-03",
   "hijri": "0003-10",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0625-03",
   "hijri": "0003-10",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "battle",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625-03",
    "hijri": "0003-10",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition"
   }
  },
  "sides": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Muslims of Medina",
     "ar": "مسلمو المدينة"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/early-muslims"
    ],
    "commanders": [
     "person/muhammad"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Quraysh of Mecca and allies",
     "ar": "قريش مكة وحلفاؤها"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/quraysh"
    ],
    "commanders": [
     "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
     "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume",
   "source/watt-1956-medina",
   "source/lings-1983"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; dates follow the cited tradition and are approximate where marked"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "غزوة أحد ثاني المعارك الكبرى بين مسلمي المدينة وقريش، دارت يوم السبت السابع من شوال سنة ثلاث من الهجرة عند سفح [[place/uhud|جبل أحد]] شمال [[place/medina|المدينة]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.256}. بدأت بنصر مسلم كامل، وانتهت بخسائر فادحة بعد أن ترك أغلب فصيلة الرماة موقعهم. استشهد سبعون صحابياً في مقدمتهم [[person/hamza|حمزة بن عبد المطلب]]، وجُرح النبي في وجهه، وانسحبت قريش دون أن تحتل معسكر المسلمين أو تدخل المدينة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.284}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "السياق",
     "markdown": "كانت قريش تحترق غيظاً من هزيمة بدر، فمنعت البكاء على قتلاها وأخّرت فداء الأسارى، واحتجزت أموال العير التي نجت مع [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb|أبي سفيان]] لتموّل بها الثأر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.248}. جمعت ثلاثة آلاف مقاتل منهم مائتا فارس وسبعمائة دارع، وكانت القيادة العامة لأبي سفيان وقيادة الفرسان لـ[[person/khalid-ibn-al-walid|خالد بن الوليد]] وكان إذ ذاك مشركاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.249}. وفي المدينة عقد النبي مجلساً استشارياً اختار فيه الصحابة بأغلبيتهم الخروج إلى الميدان رغم رأيه في المكوث."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخطة والتعبئة",
     "markdown": "نزل النبي بسبعمائة مقاتل في شعب أحد مستقبلاً المدينة جاعلاً ظهره للجبل، فاحتل بذلك أفضل موقع في الميدان. وانتخب خمسين رامياً ماهراً وأسند قيادتهم إلى [[person/abd-allah-ibn-jubayr|عبد الله بن جبير بن النعمان]] الأنصاري، وأمرهم بالتمركز على جبل صغير جنوب شرق المعسكر — عُرف بـ[[place/jabal-al-rumma|جبل الرماة]] — لحماية الجناح الأيسر من فرسان المشركين. وأكّد عليهم: «احموا ظهورنا، فإن رأيتمونا نُقتل فلا تنصرونا، وإن رأيتمونا قد غنمنا فلا تشركونا» {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.255; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}. وجعل على الميمنة المنذر بن عمرو وعلى الميسرة [[person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam|الزبير بن العوام]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "قبل المعركة: انسحاب المنافقين",
     "markdown": "في الطريق إلى أحد وعلى مقربة من العدو، تمرّد [[person/abd-allah-ibn-ubayy|عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول]] وانسحب بنحو ثلاثمائة مقاتل، فانكشف نفاق كان مستتراً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.253}. همّت بنو حارثة من الأوس وبنو سلمة من الخزرج بالرجوع ثم ثبتا. وحاول [[person/abd-allah-ibn-haram|عبد الله بن حرام]] والد جابر ردّ المنافقين فأبوا. بقي مع النبي سبعمائة صحابي."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الجولة الأولى: نصر المسلمين",
     "markdown": "دار ثقل المعركة في بدايتها حول لواء المشركين الذي كان بيد بني عبد الدار. قفز [[person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam|الزبير]] على أول حامليه [[person/talha-ibn-abi-talha|طلحة بن أبي طلحة]] فألقاه عن جمله وذبحه. وتعاقب بنو عبد الدار على حمل اللواء فأُبيدوا عن آخرهم — عشرة رجال — حتى حمله غلام حبشي اسمه صواب فبرك عليه بصدره وعنقه حتى قُتل {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.258-260}. وانطلق [[person/abu-dujana|أبو دجانة]] بعصابته الحمراء حاملاً سيف النبي يهدّ صفوف المشركين هدّاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.256}. وفرّ المشركون حتى رأى الزبير النساء يشتددن في الجبل رافعات سوقهن {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.263; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "استشهاد حمزة",
     "markdown": "كان [[person/hamza|حمزة بن عبد المطلب]] يقاتل في عرض الناس كالجمل الأورق يهدّ الصفوف. أرصده [[person/wahshi-ibn-harb|وحشي بن حرب]] عبدٌ حبشيٌّ لجبير بن مطعم، وكان جبير قد وعده بالعتق إن قتل حمزة ثأراً لعمه طعيمة الذي أُصيب ببدر. قال وحشي: «هززتُ حربتي حتى إذا رضيتُ منها دفعتُها إليه فوقعت في ثنته حتى خرجت من بين رجليه» {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.261; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}. ثم جاءت [[person/hind-bint-utba|هند بنت عتبة]] فبقرت كبد حمزة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.276}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "غلطة الرماة والانتكاسة",
     "markdown": "لما رأى أغلب فصيلة الرماة أن المسلمين ينتهبون الغنائم، تركوا موقفهم إلا ابن جبير وتسعة معه. فانتهز [[person/khalid-ibn-al-walid|خالد بن الوليد]] الفرصة والتف بفرسانه على مؤخرة الجيش الإسلامي، فأباد ابن جبير وأصحابه، وانقلب المشركون المنهزمون على المسلمين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.264}. وقع المسلمون بين شقي الرحى. وفي الارتباك شاع خبر مقتل النبي فانهار بعضهم، حتى ذكّرهم [[person/anas-ibn-al-nadr|أنس بن النضر]]: «ما تصنعون بالحياة بعده؟ قوموا فموتوا على ما مات عليه» {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.265}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الدفاع عن النبي",
     "markdown": "في أحرج ساعة لم يبق مع النبي في مؤخرته إلا [[person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah|طلحة بن عبيد الله]] وسعد بن أبي وقاص. رماه عتبة بن أبي وقاص بالحجارة فأُصيبت رباعيته وجُرحت شفته، وضربه عبد الله بن قمئة على وجنته فدخلت حلقتان من المغفر فيها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.267-268}. قاتل [[person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah|طلحة]] قتال الأحد عشر حتى قُطعت أصابعه وجُرح تسعاً وثلاثين جرحاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.269; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}. وترّس [[person/abu-dujana|أبو دجانة]] على النبي بظهره والنبل يقع عليه لا يتحرك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.271}. وقاتلت [[person/nusayba-bint-kab|نسيبة بنت كعب]] حتى أصابها اثنا عشر جرحاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.272}. أزال [[person/abu-ubaydah-ibn-al-jarrah|أبو عبيدة بن الجراح]] حلقتي المغفر من وجنة النبي بثنيتيه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.270}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الانسحاب إلى الشعب ونهاية المعركة",
     "markdown": "تجمّع حول النبي نحو ثلاثون صحابياً وشقّوا الطريق إلى شعب الجبل. وفي الانسحاب طعن النبي بيده [[person/ubayy-ibn-khalaf|أبيَّ بن خلف]] في ترقوته فمات منها بسرف {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.275}. استقر في الشعب فغسلت [[person/fatima-bint-muhammad|فاطمة]] جرحه وأوقفت الدم بقطعة حصير محروقة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.278}. قام أبو سفيان بعدها بمناداة المسلمين فأجابه [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|عمر]] وأثبت له أن النبي حيٌّ {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.278}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخسائر ودفن الشهداء",
     "markdown": "استُشهد سبعون: خمسة وستون أنصارياً وأربعة مهاجرين ويهودي. أمر النبي بدفنهم في مضاجعهم بلا غسل، وكان يقدّم أكثرهم حفظاً للقرآن في اللحد {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.281}. وُجد [[person/sad-ibn-al-rabi|سعد بن الربيع]] بآخر رمق وفيه سبعون ضربة فأبلغ النبي سلامه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.280}. وتفقّدوا [[person/hanzala-ibn-abi-amir|حنظلة]] فوجدوه يقطر ماء، فأخبر النبي أن الملائكة تغسله فسُمي غسيل الملائكة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.281}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "غزوة حمراء الأسد",
     "markdown": "في الغد ندب النبي الناس لمتابعة قريش فسار المسلمون على جراحهم حتى بلغوا [[place/hamra-al-asad]] على ثمانية أميال من المدينة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.285}. أرسل معبداً الخزاعي إلى أبي سفيان فشن عليه حرب أعصاب حتى انهارت عزائم الجيش المكي وواصلوا الانسحاب إلى مكة. وأعدم النبي [[person/abu-azza-al-jumahi|أبا عزة الجمحي]] الذي نكث عهده {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.286}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القرآن والمعركة",
     "markdown": "نزل في موضوع أحد نحو ستون آية من سورة آل عمران ابتداءً من قوله تعالى في الآية [[passage/quran-3-121|آل عمران 121]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.288}. تحدثت الآيات عن موقف المنافقين، وعلة الانتكاسة في مخالفة الأمر، والحكمة من الابتلاء في تمييز الصادق من الكاذب."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/battle-of-uhud",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "The battle of Uhud, the second great battle between the Muslims of Medina and Quraysh, was fought on Saturday 7 Shawwal 3 AH at the foot of [[place/uhud|Mount Uhud]] north of [[place/medina|Medina]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 256}. It began as a complete Muslim victory and ended in heavy losses after most of the archer detachment left their post. Seventy Companions were martyred, foremost among them [[person/hamza|Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib]]; the Prophet was wounded in the face; and Quraysh withdrew without occupying the Muslim camp or entering Medina {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 284}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The context",
     "markdown": "Quraysh was burning with rage over the defeat at Badr: it forbade mourning its dead, delayed ransoming captives, and held back the profits of the caravan that had escaped with [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb|Abu Sufyan]] to finance revenge {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 248}. It gathered three thousand fighters, two hundred of them cavalry and seven hundred mailed; overall command went to Abu Sufyan and command of the cavalry to [[person/khalid-ibn-al-walid|Khalid ibn al-Walid]], then still a polytheist {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 249}. In Medina the Prophet held a consultative council in which the majority of the Companions chose to march out to meet them, despite his preference for staying."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The plan and deployment",
     "markdown": "The Prophet halted with seven hundred fighters in the gorge of Uhud, facing Medina with his back to the mountain — the best position on the field. He selected fifty skilled archers under [[person/abd-allah-ibn-jubayr|Abdullah ibn Jubayr ibn al-Nu'man]] al-Ansari and posted them on a small hill southeast of the camp — known as [[place/jabal-al-rumma|Jabal al-Rummat]], the Archers' Hill — to protect the left flank from the polytheist cavalry, charging them: \"guard our backs; if you see us being killed, do not come to our aid, and if you see us taking spoils, do not join us\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 255; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}. He placed al-Mundhir ibn Amr over the right wing and [[person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam|al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]] over the left."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Before the battle: the hypocrites withdraw",
     "markdown": "On the way to Uhud, close to the enemy, [[person/abd-allah-ibn-ubayy|Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul]] mutinied and withdrew with about three hundred fighters, exposing a hypocrisy that had been hidden {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 253}. Banu Haritha of the Aws and Banu Salama of the Khazraj nearly followed, then held firm; [[person/abd-allah-ibn-haram|Abdullah ibn Haram]], Jabir's father, tried to turn the hypocrites back but they refused. Seven hundred Companions remained with the Prophet."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The first round: Muslim victory",
     "markdown": "The weight of the early battle turned on the polytheists' standard, held by Banu Abd al-Dar. [[person/zubayr-ibn-al-awwam|Al-Zubayr]] leapt on its first bearer, [[person/talha-ibn-abi-talha|Talha ibn Abi Talha]], threw him from his camel and slew him. The sons of Abd al-Dar took up the standard in turn and were wiped out to the last — ten men — until an Abyssinian slave named Sawab carried it, kneeling on it with chest and neck until he was killed {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 258-260}. [[person/abu-dujana|Abu Dujana]] went forth in his red turban carrying the Prophet's sword, hewing through the polytheist ranks {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 256}. The polytheists fled — al-Zubayr saw the women fleeing up the mountain with their skirts raised {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 263; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The martyrdom of Hamza",
     "markdown": "[[person/hamza|Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] fought in the open like a great camel, cutting through the ranks. [[person/wahshi-ibn-harb|Wahshi ibn Harb]], an Abyssinian slave of Jubayr ibn Mut'im, lay in wait for him — Jubayr had promised him freedom if he killed Hamza in revenge for his uncle Tu'ayma, slain at Badr. Wahshi said: \"I poised my javelin until I was satisfied with it, then drove it into him; it struck below his navel and came out between his legs\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 261; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}. Afterwards [[person/hind-bint-utba|Hind bint Utba]] came and cut open Hamza's liver {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 276}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The archers' error and the reversal",
     "markdown": "When most of the archer detachment saw the Muslims gathering spoils, they left their post — all but Ibn Jubayr and nine with him. [[person/khalid-ibn-al-walid|Khalid ibn al-Walid]] seized the opening, swept his cavalry around behind the Muslim army, destroyed Ibn Jubayr and his men, and the routed polytheists turned back on the Muslims {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 264}. The Muslims were caught as between the stones of a mill. In the confusion a rumour spread that the Prophet had been killed and some collapsed, until [[person/anas-ibn-al-nadr|Anas ibn al-Nadr]] reminded them: \"what will you do with life after him? Rise and die upon what he died upon\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 265}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The defence of the Prophet",
     "markdown": "In the hardest hour only [[person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah|Talha ibn Ubaydullah]] and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas remained at the Prophet's rear. Utba ibn Abi Waqqas pelted him with stones — his front tooth was broken and his lip cut — and Abdullah ibn Qami'a struck his cheek so that two rings of his helmet sank into it {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 267-268}. [[person/talha-ibn-ubaydullah|Talha]] fought the fight of eleven men until his fingers were severed and he bore thirty-nine wounds {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 269; cite:sahih-al-bukhari}. [[person/abu-dujana|Abu Dujana]] shielded the Prophet with his back as the arrows fell on him, unmoving {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 271}. [[person/nusayba-bint-kab|Nusayba bint Ka'b]] fought until she took twelve wounds {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 272}. [[person/abu-ubaydah-ibn-al-jarrah|Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah]] pulled the helmet rings from the Prophet's cheek with his front teeth {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 270}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The withdrawal to the gorge and the end of the battle",
     "markdown": "About thirty Companions gathered around the Prophet and cut a path to the mountain gorge. During the withdrawal the Prophet himself speared [[person/ubayy-ibn-khalaf|Ubayy ibn Khalaf]] in the collarbone, and he died of it at Sarif {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 275}. Once settled in the gorge, [[person/fatima-bint-muhammad|Fatima]] washed his wound and stanched the blood with a piece of burned mat {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 278}. Abu Sufyan then called out to the Muslims; [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|Umar]] answered him and made clear that the Prophet was alive {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 278}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Losses and the burial of the martyrs",
     "markdown": "Seventy were martyred: sixty-five Ansar, four Muhajirun and one Jew. The Prophet ordered them buried where they lay, unwashed, placing first in each grave whoever knew most Qur'an {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 281}. [[person/sad-ibn-al-rabi|Sa'd ibn al-Rabi']] was found at his last breath bearing seventy blows, and he sent his greeting to the Prophet {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 280}. They went looking for [[person/hanzala-ibn-abi-amir|Hanzala]] and found him dripping water; the Prophet told them the angels were washing him, and he was called \"the one washed by the angels\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 281}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The expedition of Hamra' al-Asad",
     "markdown": "The next day the Prophet called the people to pursue Quraysh; the Muslims marched on their wounds until they reached [[place/hamra-al-asad|Hamra' al-Asad]], eight miles from Medina {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 285}. He sent Ma'bad al-Khuza'i to Abu Sufyan, who waged a war of nerves on him until the Meccan army's resolve collapsed and they kept on withdrawing to Mecca. The Prophet executed [[person/abu-azza-al-jumahi|Abu Azza al-Jumahi]], who had broken his pledge {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 286}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Qur'an and the battle",
     "markdown": "Some sixty verses of Sura Al Imran came down on the subject of Uhud, beginning at the verse [[passage/quran-3-121|Al Imran 121]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 288}. The verses address the stand of the hypocrites, the cause of the reversal in disobeying the order, and the wisdom of the trial in distinguishing the truthful from the false."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/battle-of-uhud",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 122,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abd-allah-ibn-jubayr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قائد الرماة؛ ثبت في موقفه وقُتل"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-jahsh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
   "type": "deserted_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0625"
   },
   "note": "Withdrew a third of the army on the eve of the battle.",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-al-darda",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-dujana",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "meccan-commander",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-ubayda-ibn-al-jarrah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "pulled-the-rings-from-the-prophets-face",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/aisha",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "brought-water-to-the-fighters",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-bara-ibn-azib",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-bara-ibn-malik",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amr-ibn-al-as",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "meccan-side",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amr-ibn-al-jamuh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/anas-ibn-al-nadr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "استشهد في أحد بثمانين جرحاً"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/fadala-ibn-ubayd",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hamna-bint-jahsh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hamza",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "killed"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hanzala-ibn-abi-amir",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "استشهد في أحد"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/hind-bint-utba",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "inciting-the-meccan-line",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "meccan-cavalry-commander",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad-ibn-maslama",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mukhayriq",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/musab-ibn-umayr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "standard-bearer",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley",
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/nusayba-bint-kab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "defender-of-the-prophet",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/rafi-ibn-khadij",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/sad-ibn-al-rabi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "استشهد في أحد بسبعين ضربة"
  },
  {
   "to": "person/safiyya-bint-abd-al-muttalib",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/thabit-ibn-qays",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ubayy-ibn-kab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-ayman",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "tended-the-wounded",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/wahshi-ibn-harb",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "meccan-side",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/early-muslims",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "attacking-party",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/uhud",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "place/medina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-badr",
   "type": "caused_by",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/betrayal-of-abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/council-of-uhud",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hamra-al-asad",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/martyrdom-of-hamza",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/muslim-army-deployment-uhud",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/muslim-intelligence-uhud",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/preparation-for-uhud",
   "type": "caused_by",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-archers-mistake",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-banner-bearers",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-banner-struggle",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-burial-of-martyrs",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-defection-of-hypocrites",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-defense-of-the-prophet",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-deployment",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-first-duel",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-initial-victory",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-khalid-flanking",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-martyrdom-of-hamza",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-muslim-mobilization",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-tactical-deployment",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "event/uhud-withdrawal-to-shib",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "screen/al-risala-1976",
   "type": "subject_of",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/muhammad",
  "group/ansar",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "place/mecca",
  "place/medina",
  "group/early-muslims",
  "event/hijra",
  "group/quraysh"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}