{
 "id": "event/caesar-palm-letter",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "caesar-palm-letter",
 "label": {
  "ar": "مكاتبة قيصر لعمر في شجرة النخل",
  "en": "Caesar's Palm-Tree Letter to Umar"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كتب قيصر إلى عمر بن الخطاب إن رسلي أتتني من قبلك فزعمت أن قبلكم شجرة ليست بخليقة بشيء من الخير تخرج مثل آذان الحمير ثم تشقق مثل اللؤلؤ ثم تخضر فتكون مثل الزمرد الأخضر ثم تحمر فتكون كالياقوت الأحمر ثم تينع فتنضج فتكون كأطيب فالوذج أكلاً ثم تيبس فتكون عصمة للمقيم وزاداً للمسافر فإن تكن رسلي صدقتني فلا أدري هذه الشجرة إلا من شجر الجنة فكتب إليه عمر من عبد الله عمر أمير المؤمنين إلى قيصر ملك الروم إن رسلك قد صدقوك هذه الشجرة عندنا هي الشجرة التي أنبتها الله على مريم حين ولدت عيسى ابنها فاتق الله ولا تتخذ عيسى إلهاً من دون الله.",
  "en": "Caesar wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab: my envoys came from your quarter claiming your land has a tree no creation equals — it puts out like donkey-ears, splits like pearls, greens like emerald, reddens like ruby, ripens to the sweetest faludhaj to eat, then dries to provision for the settler and wayfarer — 'if my envoys spoke true, I know this tree only as a tree of paradise'. Umar wrote back, from Abdallah Umar Commander of the Faithful to Caesar king of the Romans: your envoys spoke true — this tree with us is the tree God grew for Maryam when she bore Isa her son; fear God and take not Isa as a god beside Him."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)",
   "extraction_flow": "Apple Vision OCR -> manual extraction"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "تروي الرواية أن قيصر كتب إلى [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|عمر بن الخطاب]] يسأله عن شجرة وصفها له رسله، وأن عمر أجابه. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرسالتان",
     "markdown": "وصف قيصر في رسالته شجرة تخرج كآذان الحمير، ثم تنشق كاللؤلؤ، وتخضر كالزمرد، وتحمر كالياقوت، ثم تنضج حلوة الطعم، ثم تيبس فتكون زاداً للمقيم والمسافر. وقال إنه لا يعرفها إلا من شجر الجنة إن صدقه رسله. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434}\n\nوكتب عمر في جوابه إن رسله صدقوه، وإن هذه الشجرة عندهم هي التي أنبتها الله على مريم حين ولدت عيسى. ودعاه إلى تقوى الله وألا يتخذ عيسى إلهاً. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434}\n\nلا تذكر بيانات الكيان رقم الصفحة ولا سند الخبر؛ يحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/caesar-palm-letter",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The account relates that Caesar wrote to [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|Umar ibn al-Khattab]] asking about a tree that his envoys had described to him, and that Umar answered him. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The two letters",
     "markdown": "In his letter Caesar described a tree that comes out like the ears of donkeys, then splits like pearls, turns green like emeralds and red like rubies, then ripens sweet to the taste, then dries and becomes provision for the resident and the traveller. He said he knew it only as a tree of Paradise, if his envoys were telling the truth. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434}\n\nUmar wrote in his reply that his envoys had told the truth, and that this tree, as they knew it, was the one that God caused to grow for Mary when she gave birth to Jesus. He called him to the fear of God and not to take Jesus as a god. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434}\n\nThe source gives neither a page number nor the chain of the report. It needs an additional source."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/caesar-palm-letter",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "المكاتب",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/al-ahruf-al-sabaa",
  "event/abu-al-mukhtar-satire",
  "event/abu-bakr-leads-the-prayers",
  "event/abu-sufyan-conversion",
  "event/abu-sufyan-medina-mission",
  "event/abu-ubayd-iraq-campaign",
  "event/ahnaf-basra-petition",
  "event/badr-aftermath"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}