{
 "id": "event/dhat-al-sawari-31",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "dhat-al-sawari-31",
 "label": {
  "ar": "غزوة ذات الصواري (31هـ)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أول عزم بحرية كبرى في الإسلام: خرج قسطنطين بن هرقل في جمع لم تجمع الروم مثله مذ كان الإسلام في خمسمائة مركب أو ستمائة، وخرج المسلمون وعلى أهل الشام معاوية بن أبي سفيان وعلى البحر عبد الله بن سعد بن أبي سرح؛ وبات الطرفان ليلتهم والمسلمون يقرأون القرآن ويصلون والروم يضربون بالنواقيس، وفي الغد قاربوا السفن وربطوها بعضها ببعض واقتتلوا بالسيوف والخناجر فقتل من الروم ما لا يحصى وانهزم قسطنطين جريحاً ولم ينج من الروم إلا الشريد؛ وقيل إنه سار إلى صقلية فأدخلوه الحمام وقتلوه، وفي هذه الغزوة بدأ محمد بن أبي حذيفة ومحمد بن أبي بكر بالكلام في أمر عثمان {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir pp. 488–490 v.2}.",
  "en": "Dhat al-Sawari, 'the Battle of the Masts' (AH 31): the first great naval armament of Islam — Constans sailed in five or six hundred ships, the Muslims under Abdullah ibn Sa'd lashed their hulls together and fought sword to sword until the Byzantines broke and their emperor fled wounded, in the Arabic telling to be killed in a Sicilian bath; Ibn al-Athir notes the victory field was also where talk against Uthman began {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 pp. 488–490}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "andalus-europe",
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/rashidun"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "battles",
  "wars-and-campaigns"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 650.9996098482516,
  "latest": 651.9989459057706
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0651~",
   "hijri": "0031",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "سنة 31هـ وقيل 34هـ؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p. 488}."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0651~",
   "hijri": "0031",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "سنة 31هـ وقيل 34هـ؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p. 488}."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "battle",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0651~",
    "hijri": "0031",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "سنة 31هـ وقيل 34هـ؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p. 488}."
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الكامل في التاريخ لابن الأثير (ط دار الكتب) ج٢ ص 488–490",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-kamil-v2-batch-1"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/umayyad-birth-to-fall-2006",
   "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "غزوة ذات الصواري أول معركة بحرية كبرى في الإسلام بحسب ابن الأثير. وقعت سنة 31هـ، وقيل 34هـ، بين المسلمين والروم. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الاستعداد",
     "markdown": "خرج قسطنطين بن هرقل بجمع لم تجمع الروم مثله منذ كان الإسلام، في خمسمائة مركب أو ستمائة. وخرج المسلمون، وعلى أهل الشام معاوية بن أبي سفيان، وعلى البحر عبد الله بن سعد بن أبي سرح. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488-490}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "القتال",
     "markdown": "بات الطرفان ليلتهم، والمسلمون يقرأون القرآن ويصلون، والروم يضربون بالنواقيس. وفي الغد قاربوا السفن وربطوها بعضها ببعض، واقتتلوا بالسيوف والخناجر. يذكر ابن الأثير أن من الروم قُتل ما لا يحصى، وانهزم قسطنطين جريحاً. وقيل إنه سار إلى صقلية فأدخلوه الحمام وقتلوه. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488-490}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أثر في الفتنة",
     "markdown": "يذكر ابن الأثير أن محمد بن أبي حذيفة ومحمد بن أبي بكر بدآ في هذه الغزوة بالكلام في أمر عثمان. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488-490}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/dhat-al-sawari-31",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The battle of Dhat al-Sawari was the first great naval battle in Islam, according to Ibn al-Athir. It took place in 31 AH, or some say 34 AH, between the Muslims and the Romans. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Preparation",
     "markdown": "Constantine, son of Heraclius, set out with a force the Romans had not gathered like since Islam began: five hundred or six hundred ships. The Muslims went out, with Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan over the people of Syria and Abd Allah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh over the sea. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488-490}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The fighting",
     "markdown": "The two sides spent the night, the Muslims reading the Qur'an and praying, and the Romans striking the bells. The next day they drew their ships close and tied them together, and fought with swords and daggers. Ibn al-Athir says that countless Romans were killed, and Constantine fled wounded. It is also said that he went to Sicily, where they put him in a bath and killed him. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488-490}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its effect on the strife",
     "markdown": "Ibn al-Athir says that Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr began speaking about the matter of Uthman during this expedition. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir v.2 p.488-490}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/dhat-al-sawari-31",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "event/balanjar-disaster-32",
  "event/battle-of-khaybar",
  "event/battle-of-samura-327",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/expedition-of-banu-al-mustaliq",
  "event/siege-of-banu-qurayza",
  "event/siege-of-hadra"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}