{
 "id": "event/emigration-of-the-companions",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "emigration-of-the-companions",
 "label": {
  "ar": "هجرة المسلمين إلى يثرب بعد البيعة",
  "en": "The emigration of the Muslims to Yathrib after the pledge"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "بعد بيعة العقبة الثانية أذن النبي للمسلمين بالهجرة، فخرجوا أرسالاً، وحال المشركون بين بعضهم وبين الخروج، كأبي سلمة وزوجه أم سلمة، وصهيب الذي فدى نفسه بماله، وعمر وعياش وهشام الذين حُبس منهم عياش وهشام؛ وبقي النبي وأبو بكر وعلي بمكة.",
  "en": "After the second pledge of al-Aqaba the Prophet authorised the Muslims to emigrate, and they left in groups; the Meccans hindered some, such as Abu Salama and his wife Umm Salama, Suhayb who ransomed himself with his wealth, and Ayyash and Hisham, who were held back; the Prophet, Abu Bakr and Ali remained at Mecca."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 621.9996988302291,
  "latest": 622.9990348877484
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0622~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "بعد بيعة العقبة الثانية في السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة (الرحيق ص155–157)."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0622~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "بعد بيعة العقبة الثانية في السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة (الرحيق ص155–157)."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "migration",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0622~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "بعد بيعة العقبة الثانية في السنة الثالثة عشرة من البعثة (الرحيق ص155–157)."
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/zad-al-maad"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص153–160 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/448–482 وزاد المعاد 2/51–52 وصحيح البخاري 1/553–558 ورحمة للعالمين 2/29–31",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-11b"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 155–157"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "بعد [[event/second-pledge-of-aqaba|بيعة العقبة الثانية]] أذن [[person/muhammad|النبي]] للمسلمين بالهجرة إلى يثرب، فخرجوا أرسالاً، وبقي بمكة النبي و[[person/abu-bakr|أبو بكر]] و[[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|علي]] بأمره، ومن احتبسه المشركون كرهاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.157}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "احتباس المشركين",
     "markdown": "كان المشركون يحولون بين المهاجرين وخروجهم. فقد أخذ أصهار [[person/abu-salama|أبي سلمة]] زوجته [[person/umm-salama|أم سلمة]] منه، فتجاذب بنو أبي سلمة الغلام حتى خلعوا يده، فذهب أبو سلمة وحده إلى المدينة، ومكثت أم سلمة نحو سنة تخرج كل غداة بالأبطح تبكي، حتى رقّ لها أحد ذويها فاستردت ابنها وخرجت إلى المدينة وحدها حتى لقيها عثمان بن طلحة فأوصلها إلى قباء {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.155} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "صهيب",
     "markdown": "لما أراد [[person/suhayb-ibn-sinan|صهيب]] الهجرة قال له كفار قريش إنه أتاهم صعلوكاً فكثر ماله عندهم ثم يريد أن يخرج بماله ونفسه، فقال: أرأيتم إن جعلت لكم مالي أتخلون سبيلي؟ قالوا نعم، فجعل لهم ماله، فقال النبي: ربح صهيب، ربح صهيب {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عمر وعياش وهشام",
     "markdown": "تواعد [[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|عمر بن الخطاب]] و[[person/ayyash-ibn-abi-rabia|عياش بن أبي ربيعة]] وهشام بن العاص على الخروج، فحُبس هشام، ووصل عمر وعياش إلى قباء، فجاءهما أبو جهل وأخوه الحارث وقالا لعياش إن أمه نذرت ألا تستظل حتى تراه، فخرج معهما على ناقة عمر، فلما استووا بالأرض أوثقاه وأدخلاه مكة نهاراً موثقاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156}. ولما أراد النبي خلاصهما ذهب الوليد بن الوليد إلى مكة مستخفياً وأخرجهما من قيدهما {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/474-476}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "أبو بكر ينتظر",
     "markdown": "كان [[person/abu-bakr|أبو بكر]] قد تجهز للهجرة، فقال له النبي: على رسلك فإني أرجو أن يؤذن لي، فقال أبو بكر: وهل ترجو ذلك؟ قال نعم، فحبس أبو بكر نفسه على النبي ليصحبه، وعلف راحلتين عنده ورق السمر أربعة أشهر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.157} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/553}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- ينقل الكتاب قصص الخلاص عن ابن هشام، وفي بعض التفاصيل اختلاف بين الروايات، والكتاب يثبت ما ترجح عنده."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "بعد بيعة العقبة صار المسلمون يهاجرون إلى المدينة واحداً بعد آخر. وحاول المشركون منع بعضهم، لكن أهل المدينة استقبلوهم، وبقي النبي وأبو بكر وعلي في مكة حتى يؤذن لهم."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/emigration-of-the-companions",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "After the [[event/second-pledge-of-aqaba|Second Pledge of Aqaba]], the [[person/muhammad|Prophet]] gave the Muslims leave to emigrate to Yathrib, and they went out in groups. The Prophet, [[person/abu-bakr|Abu Bakr]] and [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|Ali]] stayed in Mecca by his command, along with those whom the polytheists held back by force. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.157}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Restraint by the polytheists",
     "markdown": "The polytheists stood between the emigrants and their going out. The in-laws of [[person/abu-salama|Abu Salama]] took his wife [[person/umm-salama|Umm Salama]] from him, and the Banu Abi Salama pulled the boy until they dislocated his arm. Abu Salama went alone to Medina, and Umm Salama stayed for about a year, going out every morning to al-Abtah weeping, until one of her kin took pity on her and she got back her son and went out to Medina alone, until Uthman ibn Talha met her and brought her to Quba. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.155} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Suhayb",
     "markdown": "When [[person/suhayb-ibn-sinan|Suhayb]] wanted to emigrate, the unbelievers of Quraysh told him that he had come to them a pauper, grown rich among them, and now wanted to leave with his wealth and his life. He said: \"Do you think that if I give you my wealth you will let me go?\" They said yes, so he gave them his wealth. The Prophet said: \"Suhayb has profited, Suhayb has profited.\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Umar, Ayyash and Hisham",
     "markdown": "[[person/umar-ibn-al-khattab|Umar ibn al-Khattab]], [[person/ayyash-ibn-abi-rabia|Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'a]] and Hisham ibn al-As agreed to set out together. Hisham was held back. Umar and Ayyash reached Quba, and Abu Jahl and his brother al-Harith came to Ayyash and told him that his mother had vowed not to shade herself until she saw him. He went out with them on Umar's camel, and when they were in the open country, they tied him up and brought him into Mecca in the daytime, bound. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156} When the Prophet wanted to free them, al-Walid ibn al-Walid went to Mecca in secret and released them from their shackles. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.156} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/474-476}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Abu Bakr waits",
     "markdown": "[[person/abu-bakr|Abu Bakr]] had prepared for the emigration. The Prophet said to him: \"Wait, for I hope to be given leave.\" Abu Bakr said: \"Do you hope for that?\" He said yes, so Abu Bakr held himself back for the Prophet to accompany him, and he fed two she-camels in his care on the leaves of the samur tree for four months. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.157} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/553}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The book relates the stories of deliverance from Ibn Hisham, and in some details the accounts differ; the book sets out what it judged most likely."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "After the Pledge of Aqaba, Muslims began to emigrate to Medina one after another. The polytheists tried to stop some of them, but the people of Medina welcomed them, and the Prophet, Abu Bakr and Ali stayed in Mecca until they were given leave."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/emigration-of-the-companions",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 20,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-salama",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umm-salama",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/suhayb-ibn-sinan",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ayyash-ibn-abi-rabia",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-bakr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/second-pledge-of-aqaba",
   "type": "caused_by",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "caused",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/hijra",
  "person/muhammad",
  "place/mecca",
  "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/hijra-night-escape",
  "event/islam-of-umar",
  "event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}