{
 "id": "event/expedition-of-nakhla",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "expedition-of-nakhla",
 "label": {
  "en": "Expedition of Nakhla",
  "ar": "سرية نخلة"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "A secretive expedition dispatched by the Prophet under Abdullah ibn Jahsh in Rajab 2 AH with 12 Muhajirun; intercepted a Quraysh caravan at Nakhla, resulting in the death of Amr ibn al-Hadrami and captives; resolved by Qur'an 2:217.",
  "ar": "سرية بعثها النبي بكتاب مختوم تحت إمرة عبد الله بن جحش في 12 من المهاجرين في رجب 2هـ إلى نخلة؛ اعترضت قافلة لقريش فقُتل عمرو بن الحضرمي وأُسر اثنان، وكانت أول غنيمة وخمس في الإسلام ونزلت فيها الآية 217 من سورة البقرة."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "battles"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 623.9983709453309,
  "latest": 624.0832460625159
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0624-01~",
   "hijri": "0002-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "في رجب سنة 2هـ (يناير 624م) في آخر أيام الشهر الحرام (الرحيق ص200–201)"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0624-01~",
   "hijri": "0002-07",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "في رجب سنة 2هـ (يناير 624م) في آخر أيام الشهر الحرام (الرحيق ص200–201)"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "raid",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0624-01~",
    "hijri": "0002-07",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "في رجب سنة 2هـ (يناير 624م) في آخر أيام الشهر الحرام (الرحيق ص200–201)"
   }
  },
  "casualties": {
   "value": 1,
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "مقتل عمرو بن الحضرمي برمي واقد بن عبد الله، وأسر عثمان والحكم، وفرار نوفل (الرحيق ص200)",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  },
  "sides": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Muslim squad",
     "ar": "سرية المسلمين"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/muhajirun"
    ],
    "commanders": [
     "person/abdullah-ibn-jahsh"
    ],
    "strength": {
     "value": 12,
     "status": "tradition",
     "note": "اثنا عشر رجلاً من المهاجرين، كل اثنين يعتقبان على بعير",
     "sources": [
      "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
     ]
    }
   },
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Quraysh caravan",
     "ar": "قافلة قريش"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/quraysh"
    ],
    "strength": {
     "value": 4,
     "status": "tradition",
     "note": "أربعة رجال يحرسون عيراً محملة بالزبيب والأدم والتجارة",
     "sources": [
      "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
     ]
    }
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/zad-al-maad",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Antigravity; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 200–201 citing Ibn Hisham 1/601–605 and Zad al-Maad 2/85"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في شهر رجب سنة 2هـ (يناير 624م) بعث النبي [[person/abdullah-ibn-jahsh|عبد الله بن جحش الأسدي]] في اثني عشر رجلاً من [[group/muhajirun|المهاجرين]]، كل اثنين يعتقبان على بعير، وكتب له كتاباً أمره ألا ينظر فيه حتى يسير يومين ثم يمضي لأمره ولا يستكره أحداً من أصحابه. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.200}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المهمة والمسير",
     "markdown": "قرأ عبد الله الكتاب بعد يومين فإذا فيه: «إذا نظرت في كتابي هذا فامض حتى تنزل نخلة بين مكة والطائف، فترصد بها عير قريش، وتعلم لنا من أخبارهم»، فأخبر أصحابه فنهضوا جميعاً. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.200}\n\nوفي أثناء الطريق أضل [[person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas|سعد بن أبي وقاص]] و[[person/utba-ibn-ghazwan|عتبة بن غزوان]] بعيراً كانا يعتقبانه، فتخلفا في طلبه ومضى سائر الركب حتى نزلوا [[place/nakhla|نخلة]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.200} {cite:zad-al-maad 2/85}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اعتراض القافلة",
     "markdown": "مرت عير لقريش تحمل زبيباً وأدماً وتجارة، يحرسها [[person/ibn-amir-al-hadrami|عمرو بن الحضرمي]]، و[[person/uthman-ibn-abdillah-ibn-al-mughira|عثمان بن عبد الله بن المغيرة]]، وأخوه [[person/nawfal-ibn-abdillah|نوفل]]، و[[person/al-hakam-ibn-kaysan|الحكم بن كيسان]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.200}\n\nتشاور المسلمون وكان اليوم آخر يوم من رجب (الشهر الحرام)، فرأوا أنهم إن تركوهم الليلة دخلوا الحرم، فرماهم [[person/waqid-ibn-abdillah|واقد بن عبد الله التميمي]] بسهم فقتل عمرو بن الحضرمي، وأسروا عثمان والحكم، وأفلت نوفل، وقدموا بالعير والأسيرين إلى [[place/medina|المدينة المنورة]]، وعزلوا منها خمس الغنيمة وهو أول خمس في الإسلام. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.200} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/602}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "موقف النبي ونزول القرآن",
     "markdown": "أنكر النبي قتل ابن الحضرمي في الشهر الحرام وقال: «ما أمرتكم بقتال في الشهر الحرام»، ووقف التصرف في العير والأسيرين، وأثار المشركون ضجة متهمين المسلمين بانتهاك الحرمات. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.200}\n\nفنزل الوحي حاسماً بآية [[passage/quran-2-217|البقرة 217]]، فقبض النبي العير والأسيرين، ثم أطلق سراحهما بفداء وأدى دية المقتول. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.200-201}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/expedition-of-nakhla",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In Rajab 2 AH (January 624 CE) the Prophet sent [[person/abdullah-ibn-jahsh|Abdullah ibn Jahsh al-Asadi]] with twelve men of the [[group/muhajirun|Muhajirun]], each pair taking turns on one camel; he wrote him a letter ordering him not to read it until he had travelled two days, then carry out its command and compel none of his companions. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 200}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The mission and the march",
     "markdown": "Abdullah read the letter after two days and found in it: \"when you have read this letter of mine, go on until you halt at Nakhla between Mecca and al-Ta'if; lie in wait there for the caravan of Quraysh and learn their news for us\" — he told his companions and they all set off. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 200}\n\nOn the way [[person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas|Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas]] and [[person/utba-ibn-ghazwan|Utba ibn Ghazwan]] lost the camel they had been sharing and stayed behind seeking it, while the rest of the company went on until they halted at [[place/nakhla|Nakhla]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 200} {cite:zad-al-maad 2/85}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The interception of the caravan",
     "markdown": "A Quraysh caravan passed carrying raisins, hides and trade goods, guarded by [[person/ibn-amir-al-hadrami|Amr ibn al-Hadrami]], [[person/uthman-ibn-abdillah-ibn-al-mughira|Uthman ibn Abdullah ibn al-Mughira]], his brother [[person/nawfal-ibn-abdillah|Nawfal]], and [[person/al-hakam-ibn-kaysan|al-Hakam ibn Kaysan]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 200}\n\nThe Muslims took counsel — it was the last day of Rajab, the sacred month — and saw that if they left them that night they would enter the sanctuary; so [[person/waqid-ibn-abdillah|Waqid ibn Abdullah al-Tamimi]] shot them with an arrow and killed Amr ibn al-Hadrami. They captured Uthman and al-Hakam, Nawfal escaped, and they brought the caravan and the two captives into [[place/medina|Medina]], setting aside the fifth of the spoil — the first fifth in Islam. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 200} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/602}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Prophet's stand and the revelation",
     "markdown": "The Prophet denounced the killing of Ibn al-Hadrami in the sacred month and said: \"I did not command you to fight in the sacred month,\" and withheld action on the caravan and the two captives; the polytheists raised an outcry accusing the Muslims of violating the sanctities. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 200}\n\nThen revelation came down settling it with [[passage/quran-2-217|al-Baqara 217]]; the Prophet took charge of the caravan and the captives, then released the two for ransom and paid the slain man's blood-money. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp. 200-201}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/expedition-of-nakhla",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 26,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-jahsh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/nakhla",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "أضل بعيره مع عتبة بن غزوان فتخلف في طلبه (الرحيق ص200)",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/utba-ibn-ghazwan",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "أضل بعيره مع سعد فتخلف في طلبه (الرحيق ص200)",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/waqid-ibn-abdillah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "رامي عمرو بن الحضرمي وقتيله",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ibn-amir-al-hadrami",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "قتيل السرية من قريش",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/uthman-ibn-abdillah-ibn-al-mughira",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أسير من مشركي قريش",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-hakam-ibn-kaysan",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أسير من قريش (أسلم لاحقاً بالمدينة)",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/nawfal-ibn-abdillah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "أفلت من المسلمين",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/muhajirun",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/quraysh",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/quran-2-217",
   "type": "revealed_in",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/expedition-of-rabigh",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/expedition-of-buwat",
  "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia",
  "event/expedition-of-al-kharrar",
  "event/expedition-of-al-qarada",
  "event/expedition-of-al-sawiq"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}