{
 "id": "event/expedition-of-usama",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "expedition-of-usama",
 "label": {
  "en": "The expedition of Usama ibn Zayd",
  "ar": "بعث أسامة بن زيد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "In Safar 11 AH the Prophet equipped a great army under the young Usama ibn Zayd to strike the Byzantine marches of al-Balqa' and al-Darum in Palestine — answering the empire's killing of Muslim converts; the troops camped at al-Jurf until the Prophet's illness delayed them, and the campaign was carried out under Abu Bakr.",
  "ar": "جهّز النبي في صفر سنة 11هـ جيشاً كبيراً على أسامة بن زيد ليوطئ الخيل تخوم البلقاء والداروم من أرض فلسطين جواباً لقتل الروم من أسلم من أتباعها؛ تكلم الناس في إمارته لحداثة سنه فثبّتها النبي، ونزل الجيش الجرف حتى أخّره مرض النبي فنُفّذ البعث في خلافة أبي بكر."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns",
  "skirmishes-raids-expeditions"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 632.2476847573871,
  "latest": 632.3298219675653
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0632-04~",
   "hijri": "0011-02",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition"
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0632-04~",
   "hijri": "0011-02",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition"
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "campaign",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0632-04~",
    "hijri": "0011-02",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition"
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 458-472 (batch 23)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "جهّز النبي في صفر سنة 11هـ جيشاً كبيراً على [[person/usama-ibn-zayd|أسامة بن زيد]] ليوطئ الخيل تخوم البلقاء والداروم بفلسطين، فتكلم الناس في حداثته فثبّت النبي إمارته، ونُفّذ البعث في خلافة أبي بكر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص463}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "خبر البعث",
     "markdown": "كانت كبرياء دولة الروم قد حملتها على قتل من يدخل في الإسلام من أتباعها كما فعلت بفروة بن عمرو الجذامي واليها على معان {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص463}. فأخذ النبي يجهز جيشاً كبيراً في صفر سنة 11هـ وأمر عليه أسامة بن زيد بن حارثة وأمره أن يوطئ الخيل تخوم البلقاء والداروم من أرض فلسطين، إرهاباً للروم وإعادة للثقة إلى قلوب العرب على الحدود {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص463؛ sahih-al-bukhari}. وتكلم الناس في قائد الجيش لحداثة سنه فقال النبي: إن تطعنوا في إمارته فقد كنتم تطعنون في إمارة أبيه من قبل، وايم الله إن كان لخليقاً للإمارة وإن كان من أحب الناس إليّ وإن هذا من أحب الناس إليّ بعده {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص463؛ sahih-al-bukhari}. فانتدب الناس يلتفون حول أسامة حتى خرجوا ونزلوا الجرف على فرسخ من المدينة، إلا أن الأخبار المقلقة عن مرض النبي أكرهتهم على التريث، فكان هذا أول بعث نُفذ في خلافة أبي بكر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq ص463؛ ibn-hisham-sira}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "جهّز النبي جيشاً وعيّن عليه شاباً اسمه أسامة فتعجب الناس لصغر سنه، فأكد النبي أنه أهل للقيادة، وخرج الجيش في زمن أبي بكر."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/expedition-of-usama",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In Safar 11 AH the Prophet fitted out a great army under [[person/usama-ibn-zayd|Usama ibn Zayd]] to tread with cavalry the borders of al-Balqa' and al-Darum in Palestine; people spoke against his youth, the Prophet confirmed his command, and the expedition was carried out in Abu Bakr's caliphate {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 463}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The account of the expedition",
     "markdown": "The pride of the Roman state had driven it to kill those of its subjects who entered Islam, as it did to Farwa ibn Amr al-Judhami, its governor over Ma'an {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 463}. So the Prophet set about mustering a great army in Safar 11 AH, placing Usama ibn Zayd ibn Haritha in command and ordering him to tread with cavalry the borders of al-Balqa' and al-Darum in the land of Palestine — to overawe the Romans and restore confidence to the Arabs on the frontier {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 463; sahih-al-bukhari}. People spoke against the army's commander for his youth, and the Prophet said: if you fault his command, you were faulting his father's command before — and by God he was worthy of command and among the dearest of people to me, and this one is among the dearest of people to me after him {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 463; sahih-al-bukhari}. The men rallied round Usama until they went out and halted at al-Jurf a parasang from Medina, but the alarming news of the Prophet's illness forced them to wait — so this became the first expedition carried out in Abu Bakr's caliphate {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p. 463; ibn-hisham-sira}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Prophet prepared an army and set over it a young man named Usama; people wondered at his youth, but the Prophet affirmed he was fit to command, and the army marched out in Abu Bakr's time."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/expedition-of-usama",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 10,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/usama-ibn-zayd",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "commander",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/al-jurf",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "event/battle-of-mutah",
   "type": "caused_by",
   "inverse": true
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/battle-of-hunayn",
  "event/ali-expedition-to-al-fuls",
  "event/battle-of-khaybar",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/conquest-of-mecca",
  "event/death-of-abdullah-ibn-ubayy",
  "event/expedition-of-banu-al-mustaliq",
  "event/expedition-of-dhat-al-salasil"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}