{
 "id": "event/expulsion-of-jurhum",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "expulsion-of-jurhum",
 "label": {
  "en": "The Expulsion of Jurhum from Mecca",
  "ar": "إجلاء جرهم عن مكة"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "After some twenty centuries of Jurhumite rule over Mecca, their tyranny over pilgrims and appropriation of the Kaaba’s wealth turns the Adnani clans against them; Khuzaʾa, with Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manaf, expels them in the mid-second century CE — and the departing Jurhumites bury Zamzam and carry off the two golden gazelles and the Black Stone.",
  "ar": "بعد نحو عشرين قرناً من ولاية جرهم على مكة، أساءوا إلى الوافدين واستحلوا مال الكعبة؛ فاستثارت خزاعة نفرة العدنانيين وقاتلتهم بمعونة بني بكر بن عبد مناف حتى أجلتهم في أواسط القرن الثاني الميلادي، فسدّ الراحلون زمزم ودفنوا فيها غزالي الكعبة الذهبيين وحجر الركن."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 150.00095826745246,
  "latest": 151.0002943249715
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0150~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "أواسط القرن الثاني الميلادي في تقدير الرحيق."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0150~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "أواسط القرن الثاني الميلادي في تقدير الرحيق."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "expulsion",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0150~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "أواسط القرن الثاني الميلادي في تقدير الرحيق."
   }
  },
  "sides": [
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Khuza'a and Banu Bakr",
     "ar": "خزاعة وبنو بكر"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/khuzaa",
     "group/banu-bakr-ibn-abd-manaf"
    ]
   },
   {
    "label": {
     "en": "Jurhum",
     "ar": "جرهم"
    },
    "participants": [
     "group/jurhum"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 15–34 (batch 25a)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نبذة",
     "markdown": "إجلاء خزاعة لجرهم عن مكة في أواسط القرن الثاني الميلادي بعد ظلمهم الوافدين واستحلالهم مال الكعبة، وسدّهم زمزم ورحيلهم إلى اليمن."
    },
    {
     "heading": "القصة",
     "markdown": "ساء أمر [[group/jurhum|جرهم]] بمكة وضاقت أحوالهم، فظلموا الوافدين إليها واستحلوا مال الكعبة، وكان ذلك يغيظ العدنانيين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}. ولما نزلت [[group/khuzaa|خزاعة]] بمر الظهران ورأت نفور العدنانيين من الجراهمة استغلت ذلك، فقامت بمعونة من بطون عدنان — وهم بنو بكر بن عبد مناف بن كنانة — بمحاربة جرهم حتى أجلتهم عن مكة واستولت على حكمها في أواسط القرن الثاني للميلاد {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nولما لجأت جرهم إلى الجلاء سدّوا بئر زمزم ودرّسوا موضعها ودفنوا فيها أشياء؛ قال ابن إسحاق: خرج عمرو بن الحارث بن مضاض الجرهمي بغزالي الكعبة وبحجر الركن الأسود فدفنهما في بئر زمزم {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}. ويقدّر المباركفوري إقامة جرهم في مكة بأحد وعشرين قرناً، وحكمهم عليها بزهاء عشرين قرناً {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "حكمت جرهم مكة دهراً طويلاً، فلما أساءت إلى الحجاج حاربتها خزاعة مع حلفائها حتى أخرجتها، فدفن الراحلون كنوزاً في بئر زمزم وسدوها."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/expulsion-of-jurhum",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Khuza'a's expulsion of Jurhum from Mecca in the mid-second century CE, after they wronged newcomers and made free with the Ka'ba's treasure — their blocking of Zamzam and their departure to Yemen."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The story",
     "markdown": "[[group/jurhum|Jurhum]]'s state in Mecca soured and their affairs straitened; they wronged those who came to it and made free with the Ka'ba's wealth, which enraged the Adnanis {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}. When [[group/khuzaa|Khuza'a]] settled at Marr al-Zahran and saw the Adnanis' estrangement from Jurhum, they seized on it: with help from subtribes of Adnan — Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manaf ibn Kinana — they warred on Jurhum until they expelled them from Mecca and took over its rule, in the mid-second century CE {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.\n\nAs Jurhum faced exile they blocked the well of Zamzam, effaced its site and buried things in it; Ibn Ishaq says: Amr ibn al-Harith ibn Mudad al-Jurhumi went off with the two gazelles of the Ka'ba and the stone of the Black Corner and buried them in the well of Zamzam {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}. Al-Mubarakpuri estimates Jurhum's residence in Mecca at twenty-one centuries and their rule over it at some twenty centuries {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "Jurhum ruled Mecca for an age; when they mistreated the pilgrims, Khuza'a fought them with their allies until they drove them out — and the departing people buried treasures in the well of Zamzam and blocked it."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/expulsion-of-jurhum",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Devin (SWE-2), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 12,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "group/jurhum",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الطائفة المُجلية",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/khuzaa",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "القبيلة الغالبة المتحالفة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-bakr-ibn-abd-manaf",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الحليف العدناني",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amr-ibn-al-harith-al-jurhumi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الذي دفن غزالي الكعبة وحجر الركن في زمزم",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/ibn-hisham-sira"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/qusayy-takes-mecca",
  "event/settlement-of-hajar-and-ismail",
  "event/khuzaa-bakr-clash-al-watir",
  "event/sacrifice-of-ismail",
  "person/hulayl-ibn-hubshiyya",
  "person/muhammad",
  "group/jurhum",
  "place/mecca"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}