{
 "id": "event/first-abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "first-abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
 "label": {
  "en": "The First Abyssinian Occupation of Yemen",
  "ar": "الاحتلال الحبشي الأول لليمن"
 },
 "summary": {
  "en": "In the age of disorder after 300 CE the Romans entered Aden and with their help the Abyssinians occupied Yemen for the first time in 340 CE, exploiting the rivalry of Hamdan and Himyar; the occupation lasted until 378 CE and brought Christian missions into Yemen, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account.",
  "ar": "في عهد الاضطرابات بعد سنة 300م دخل الرومان في عدن، وبمعونتهم احتلت الأحباش اليمن لأول مرة سنة 340م مستغلين التنافس بين همدان وحمير، واستمر احتلالهم إلى سنة 378م، وفي زمانه دخل التبشير المسيحي ربوع اليمن، في رواية الرحيق المختوم."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time",
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 339.9980150174199,
  "latest": 378.99950033193954
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0340",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "سنة 340م في تقدير المؤلف عن تفهيم القرآن 4/195–198، مع تنبيهه إلى اختلاف المصادر في السنين (ص25).",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/tafhim-al-quran"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0378",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/tafhim-al-quran"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "conquest",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0340",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "سنة 340م في تقدير المؤلف عن تفهيم القرآن 4/195–198، مع تنبيهه إلى اختلاف المصادر في السنين (ص25).",
    "sources": [
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
     "source/tafhim-al-quran"
    ]
   },
   "end": {
    "edtf": "0378",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "sources": [
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
     "source/tafhim-al-quran"
    ]
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص24 و40–41 نقلاً عن تفهيم القرآن 4/195–198",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-2a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/tafhim-al-quran"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 24, 40–41"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في عهد الاضطرابات الذي يبدؤه الرحيق المختوم من سنة 300م دخل الرومان في [[place/aden|عدن]]، وبمعونتهم احتلت الأحباش [[place/yemen|اليمن]] لأول مرة سنة 340م مستغلين التنافس بين قبيلتي [[group/banu-hamdan|همدان]] و[[group/himyar|حمير]]، واستمر احتلالهم إلى سنة 378م {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.24} {cite:tafhim-al-quran 4/195-198}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر الديني",
     "markdown": "جاءت الديانة النصرانية إلى بلاد العرب عن طريق احتلال الحبشة والرومان، وفي ذلك الزمان دخل التبشير المسيحي في ربوع اليمن، وبالقرب منه دخل [[person/faymiyun|فيميون]] إلى نجران فتنصّر أهلها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.41}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما بعده",
     "markdown": "نالت اليمن استقلالها بعد سنة 378م، ولكن بدأت تقع الثلمات في سد مأرب حتى وقع [[event/flood-of-al-aram|سيل العرم]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.24}. والاحتلال الثاني سنة 525م في [[event/abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen|مدخله]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "التواريخ تقدير المؤلف عن تفهيم القرآن، مع تنبيهه إلى اختلاف المصادر الكبير في تعيين السنين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.25}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "احتل الأحباش اليمن أول مرة قبل الإسلام بنحو ثلاثة قرون لأن قبائل اليمن كانت متنازعة، وبقوا نحو أربعين سنة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/first-abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "In the period of turmoil that \"The Sealed Nectar\" begins from 300 CE, the Romans entered [[place/aden|Aden]], and with their help the Abyssinians occupied [[place/yemen|Yemen]] for the first time in 340 CE, taking advantage of the rivalry between the tribes of [[group/banu-hamdan|Hamdan]] and [[group/himyar|Himyar]]. Their occupation lasted until 378 CE. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.24} {cite:tafhim-al-quran 4/195-198}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The religious effect",
     "markdown": "The Christian faith came to the lands of the Arabs by way of the occupation of Abyssinia and the Romans. In that time Christian mission entered the regions of Yemen, and near it [[person/faymiyun|Faymiyun]] entered Najran, and its people became Christians. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.40} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.41}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "What followed",
     "markdown": "Yemen regained its independence after 378 CE, but breaches began to appear in the Ma'rib dam until the [[event/flood-of-al-aram|Flood of al-Arim]] befell it. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.24} The second occupation, in 525 CE, is at [[event/abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen|its own entry]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "The dates are the author's estimate from \"Tafhim al-Quran\", with his note on the great disagreement among the sources about the years. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.25}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "The Abyssinians first occupied Yemen about three centuries before Islam, because the tribes of Yemen were quarrelling, and they stayed for about forty years."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/first-abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 12,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/yemen",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false
  },
  {
   "to": "polity/aksumite-kingdom",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "القوة المحتلة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "polity/byzantine-empire",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الداخل في عدن والمعين",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/banu-hamdan",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أحد طرفي التنافس الذي استُغل",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/himyar",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أحد طرفي التنافس الذي استُغل",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen",
  "event/persian-rule-of-yemen",
  "person/dhu-nuwas",
  "person/sayf-ibn-dhi-yazan",
  "event/mission-of-muadh-to-yemen",
  "object/nasr",
  "object/yauq",
  "person/tuban-asad-abu-karib"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}