{
 "id": "event/first-pledge-of-aqaba",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "first-pledge-of-aqaba",
 "label": {
  "ar": "بيعة العقبة الأولى",
  "en": "The first pledge of al-Aqaba"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في موسم الحج من السنة الثانية عشرة من البعثة جاء اثنا عشر رجلاً من يثرب، خمسة من الستة الذين أسلموا في العام الماضي وسبعة سواهم، فبايعوا النبي عند العقبة بمنى بيعة النساء، وطلب منهم النبي أن يختاروا اثني عشر نقيباً على قومهم، فبعث معهم مصعب بن عمير يعلمهم القرآن والإسلام.",
  "en": "At the pilgrim season of the twelfth year of the mission twelve men from Yathrib, five of the six who had embraced Islam the year before and seven others, pledged allegiance to the Prophet at al-Aqaba at Mina in the manner of the women's pledge; he asked them to choose twelve chiefs over their people, and sent Mus'ab ibn Umayr with them to teach them the Qur'an and Islam."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 621.4959239409434,
  "latest": 621.5807990581284
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0621-07~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "موسم الحج من السنة الثانية عشرة من البعثة، يوليو 621م (الرحيق ص143)."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0621-07~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "موسم الحج من السنة الثانية عشرة من البعثة، يوليو 621م (الرحيق ص143)."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "treaty",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0621-07~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "month",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "موسم الحج من السنة الثانية عشرة من البعثة، يوليو 621م (الرحيق ص143)."
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
   "source/musnad-ahmad"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص143–152 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/431–454 وزاد المعاد 2/51–52 وصحيح البخاري 1/7، 1/550–551، 2/727 ومسند أحمد وصحيح مسلم 2/131 ورحمة للعالمين 1/85",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-11a"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 143–146"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في موسم الحج من السنة الثانية عشرة من البعثة، أي يوليو 621م، جاء إلى مكة اثنا عشر رجلاً من أهل يثرب، خمسة من الستة الذين لقوا النبي في العام السابق، وسبعة سواهم، فبايعوا النبي عند العقبة بمنى {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.143}. وكانت بيعتهم على وفق بيعة النساء التي نزلت عام فتح مكة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.143}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "البنود",
     "markdown": "روى البخاري عن [[person/ubada-ibn-al-samit|عبادة بن الصامت]] أن النبي قال للمبايعين: بايعوني على ألا تشركوا بالله شيئاً، ولا تسرقوا، ولا تزنوا، ولا تقتلوا أولادكم، ولا تأتوا ببهتان تفترونه بين أيديكم وأرجلكم، ولا تعصوني في معروف، فمن وفى فأجره على الله {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.143} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/7}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "النقباء",
     "markdown": "طلب النبي أن يخرجوا إليه اثني عشر نقيباً يكونون على قومهم بما فيهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152}. وكان الاختيار في الحال، ويذكر الكتاب الأسماء كما وردت في مصادره {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "سفير الإسلام",
     "markdown": "بعث النبي مع المبايعين [[person/musab-ibn-umayr|مصعب بن عمير]] أول سفير إلى يثرب، ليعلم المسلمين شرائع الإسلام ويفقههم في الدين، ويدعو من بقي على الشرك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144}. نزل مصعب على [[person/asad-ibn-zurara|أسعد بن زرارة]] وأخذا يبثان الإسلام بجد وحماس، وكان يعرف بالمقرئ {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "إسلام سعد بن معاذ",
     "markdown": "يروي الكتاب أن أسعد خرج بمصعب إلى حائط لبني ظفر، فاجتمع إليهما المسلمون، فسمع [[person/sad-ibn-muadh|سعد بن معاذ]] وأسيد بن حضير، سيدا قومهما من بني عبد الأشهل، بذلك وكانا على الشرك، فأرسل سعد أسيداً ليزجرهما، فلما جاءه أسيد قال له مصعب: أو تجلس فتسمع، فجلس، فعرض عليه الإسلام وتلا عليه القرآن، فأسلم وقال: ما أحسن هذا وأجمله، ثم أرسل سعد إلى قومه، فما أمسى فيهم رجل ولا امرأة إلا مسلماً ومسلمة إلا رجل واحد تأخر إسلامه إلى يوم أحد {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.145} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.146}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "قبل الموسم التالي",
     "markdown": "أقام مصعب في دار أسعد يدعو الناس، حتى لم تبق دار من دور الأنصار إلا وفيها رجال ونساء مسلمون، إلا دار بني أمية بن زيد وخطمة ووائل، فوقفوا عن الإسلام حتى عام الخندق {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.146}. ثم عاد مصعب إلى مكة قبل موسم الحج التالي يخبر النبي بخبر يثرب {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.146}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- في ترتيب النقباء وأسمائهم رواية ابن إسحاق، وفي بعض الأسماء خلاف مثبت في الحواشي {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "في الحج جاء اثنا عشر رجلاً من المدينة وعاهدوا النبي على أن يعبدوا الله وحده، ولا يسرقوا ولا يزنوا. وأرسل معهم النبي صحابياً يعلمهم القرآن."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/first-pledge-of-aqaba",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "In the pilgrimage season of the twelfth year of the mission, that is July 621 CE, twelve men from Yathrib came to Mecca, five of the six who had met the Prophet the year before and seven others. They gave their pledge to the Prophet at the Aqaba in Mina. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.143} Their pledge followed the pledge of women that was revealed in the year of the conquest of Mecca. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.143}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The terms",
     "markdown": "Al-Bukhari relates from [[person/ubada-ibn-al-samit|Ubada ibn al-Samit]] that the Prophet said to those who pledged: \"Pledge to me that you will not associate anything with God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill your children, nor bring a slander you invent between your hands and feet, nor disobey me in what is right. Whoever keeps it, his reward is with God.\" {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.143} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/7}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The chiefs",
     "markdown": "The Prophet asked them to bring out twelve chiefs who would be over their people, with them. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152} The choice was made on the spot, and the book gives the names as they appear in its sources. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.152}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The envoy of Islam",
     "markdown": "The Prophet sent with those who pledged [[person/musab-ibn-umayr|Musab ibn Umayr]] as the first envoy to Yathrib, to teach the Muslims the laws of Islam and give them understanding of the religion, and to call those who remained in polytheism. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144} Musab stayed in the house of [[person/asad-ibn-zurara|As'ad ibn Zurara]], and the two began to spread Islam with zeal and enthusiasm; he was known as \"the reciter\". {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The conversion of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh",
     "markdown": "The book relates that As'ad went out with Musab to an orchard of the Banu Zafar, and Muslims gathered to them there. [[person/sad-ibn-muadh|Sa'd ibn Mu'adh]] and Usayd ibn Hudayr, the two leaders of their people of the Banu Abd al-Ashhal, heard of this, and they were still polytheists. Sa'd sent Usayd to drive them off. When Usayd came, Musab said to him: \"Will you not sit and listen?\" He sat, and Musab set Islam before him and recited the Qur'an to him. He became a Muslim and said: \"How good and how beautiful this is!\" Then Sa'd sent to his people, and by the evening there was no man or woman among them who had not become a Muslim, except one man whose conversion was delayed until the day of Uhud. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.144} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.145} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.146}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Before the next season",
     "markdown": "Musab stayed in the house of As'ad calling people, until there was no house among the Helpers without Muslim men and women in it, except the houses of the Banu Umayya ibn Zayd, Khatma and Wa'il, who held back from Islam until the year of the Trench. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.146} Then Musab went back to Mecca before the next pilgrimage season to tell the Prophet the news of Yathrib. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.146}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The order and names of the chiefs follow the account of Ibn Ishaq, and some of the names are disputed, as noted in the margins. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.151}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "At the pilgrimage twelve men came from Medina and pledged to the Prophet that they would worship God alone, and would not steal or commit adultery. The Prophet sent with them a Companion to teach them the Qur'an."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/first-pledge-of-aqaba",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 14,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mina",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/musab-ibn-umayr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "أرسله النبي معلماً للمسلمين في يثرب",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/asad-ibn-zurara",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "بايع وأخذ مصعباً في داره",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ubada-ibn-al-samit",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "من المبايعين",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/second-pledge-of-aqaba",
   "type": "caused",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/pledges-of-aqaba",
  "event/second-pledge-of-aqaba",
  "event/six-men-of-yathrib",
  "event/badr-expedition-setup",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/battle-of-uhud",
  "event/first-encounter-with-the-ansar",
  "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}