{
 "id": "event/first-shii-observances-baghdad-352",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "first-shii-observances-baghdad-352",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أول مأتم عاشوراء وعيد غدير ببغداد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في سنة إحدى وخمسين كتبت الشيعة ببغداد على أبواب المساجد لعنة معاوية ولعنة من غصب فاطمة حقها من فدك ومن منع الحسن أن يدفن مع جده ولعنة من نفى أبا ذر فمحي في الليل فأراد معز الدولة أن يعيده فأشار عليه الوزير المهلبي أن يكتب مكان ما محي لعن الله الظالمين لآل رسول الله وصرحوا بلعنة معاوية فقط، وفي سنة اثنتين وخمسين يوم عاشوراء ألزم معز الدولة الناس بغلق الأسواق ومنع الطباخين من الطبخ ونصبوا القباب في الأسواق وعلقوا عليها المسوح وأخرجوا نساء منشرات الشعور يلطمن في الشوارع ويقمن المأتم على الحسين وهذا أول يوم نيح عليه ببغداد واستمرت هذه البدعة سنين وفي ثامن عشر ذي الحجة منها عمل عيد غدير خم وضربت الدبادب {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 619}.",
  "en": "In 351 the Shi'a of Baghdad wrote on the mosque doors curses on Mu'awiya, on those who seized Fatima's Fadak, who kept al-Hasan from burial beside his grandfather, who exiled Abu Dharr; it was erased by night, and vizier al-Muhallabi advised Mu'izz al-Dawla to substitute 'God curse the wrongdoers of the Prophet's house' — only Mu'awiya's cursing stayed explicit. On Ashura 352 Mu'izz compelled the markets shut, forbade cooking, set up mourning domes hung with sackcloth, and brought out dishevelled women beating their cheeks — the first Husayn lamentation at Baghdad, a practice that lasted years, and on 18 Dhu'l-Hijja the Ghadir Khumm festival was made with drums {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 619}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 963.0005407366339,
  "latest": 963.999876794153
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0963~",
   "hijri": "0352",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "351–352؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 619}."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0963~",
   "hijri": "0352",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "351–352؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 619}."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0963~",
    "hijri": "0352",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "351–352؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p. 619}."
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "تاريخ الخلفاء للسيوطي (ط المنهاج 1434هـ/2013م) ص 615–625",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-tarikh-khulafa-batch-36"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "يروي السيوطي في «تاريخ الخلفاء» أن الشيعة ببغداد كتبوا سنة 351هـ على أبواب المساجد لعن [[person/muawiya-ibn-abi-sufyan|معاوية]] ولعن من غصب فاطمة فدك ومن منع الحسن أن يُدفن مع جده ومن نفى أبا ذر. فمُحي ذلك ليلاً. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مشورة الوزير",
     "markdown": "أراد [[person/muizz-al-dawla|معز الدولة]] أن يعيد المكتوب، فأشار عليه الوزير [[person/al-muhallabi-al-wazir|المهلبي]] أن يكتب مكان ما مُحي عبارة «لعن الله الظالمين لآل رسول الله». ويذكر السيوطي أنهم صرّحوا بلعن معاوية وحده. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عاشوراء وغدير خم",
     "markdown": "في سنة 352هـ، يوم عاشوراء، ألزم معز الدولة الناس بإغلاق الأسواق، ومنع الطباخين من الطبخ. ونُصبت القباب في الأسواق وعُلّقت عليها المسوح، وخرجت النساء ينحن ويقمن المأتم على الحسين. ويقول السيوطي إنه أول يوم نيح فيه ببغداد، ويصف ذلك بأنه بدعة استمرت سنين. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}\n\nوفي الثامن عشر من ذي الحجة من السنة نفسها عُمل عيد غدير خم وضُربت الدبادب. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظة",
     "markdown": "الوصف هنا بنص السيوطي ومنظوره. ولم تُضف بعد الرواية الأكاديمية ولا رواية المصادر الشيعية. يحتاج إلى مصدر إضافي."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/first-shii-observances-baghdad-352",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Al-Suyuti, in \"History of the Caliphs\", reports that the Shi'a in Baghdad wrote in 351 AH on the doors of the mosques a curse on [[person/muawiya-ibn-abi-sufyan|Mu'awiya]], a curse on whoever seized Fatima's Fadak, on whoever prevented al-Hasan from being buried beside his grandfather, and on whoever banished Abu Dharr. It was wiped off at night. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The vizier's advice",
     "markdown": "[[person/muizz-al-dawla|Mu'izz al-Dawla]] wanted to restore what had been written, but the vizier [[person/al-muhallabi-al-wazir|al-Muhallabi]] advised him to write in place of what had been wiped out the phrase \"God curse the wrongdoers against the family of the Messenger of God\". Al-Suyuti says that they openly cursed Mu'awiya alone. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Ashura and Ghadir Khumm",
     "markdown": "In 352 AH, on the day of Ashura, Mu'izz al-Dawla required the people to close the markets and forbade the cooks from cooking. Domes were raised in the markets and sackcloth hung on them, and women went out wailing and holding mourning over al-Husayn. Al-Suyuti says that it was the first day on which he was mourned in Baghdad, and describes it as an innovation that lasted for years. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}\n\nOn the eighteenth of Dhu al-Hijja of the same year the festival of Ghadir Khumm was held and the drums were beaten. {cite:tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434 p.619}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "A note",
     "markdown": "The description here is in al-Suyuti's text and from his viewpoint. The academic account and the account of the Shi'i sources have not yet been added. An additional source is needed."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/first-shii-observances-baghdad-352",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/muizz-al-dawla",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "السلطان",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-muhallabi-al-wazir",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الوزير",
   "sources": [
    "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/baghdad-mosque-curses-351",
  "event/buyid-entry-baghdad-334",
  "event/death-of-muizz-al-dawla-356",
  "event/first-ashura-matam-baghdad-352",
  "event/mustakfi-blinding-334",
  "person/al-muhallabi-al-wazir",
  "person/muizz-al-dawla"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}