{
 "id": "event/hijra-night-escape",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "hijra-night-escape",
 "label": {
  "ar": "خروج النبي من داره ليلة الهجرة والاختباء في غار ثور",
  "en": "The Prophet's escape from his house on the night of the Hijra and the hiding in the cave of Thawr"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "بعد أن أعلمه جبريل بمؤامرة قريش خرج النبي ليلاً من داره وذر التراب على رؤوس المحاصرين، وخرج مع أبي بكر من خوخة في داره حتى غار ثور، فمكثا فيه ثلاث ليال، وكان ابن أبي بكر يأتيهما بالأخبار، وعامر بن فهيرة يرعى الغنم عليهما؛ ثم طاردتهما قريش فلم يبلغوا باب الغار.",
  "en": "After Gabriel warned him of Quraysh's plot, the Prophet left his house at night, threw dust over the heads of those watching it, and went out through a back door of Abu Bakr's house to the cave of Thawr, where they hid three nights; Abu Bakr's son brought them news and Amir ibn Fuhayra grazed sheep over their tracks; Quraysh pursued them but did not reach the cave's door."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 622.6951272100043,
  "latest": 622.6978651169795
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0622-09-12~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ليلة السابع والعشرين من صفر سنة أربع عشرة من البعثة، الموافق 12 أو 13 سبتمبر 622م على ترجيح الكتاب (الرحيق ص163–164)."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "0622-09-12~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "ليلة السابع والعشرين من صفر سنة أربع عشرة من البعثة، الموافق 12 أو 13 سبتمبر 622م على ترجيح الكتاب (الرحيق ص163–164)."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "migration",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "0622-09-12~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "day",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "ليلة السابع والعشرين من صفر سنة أربع عشرة من البعثة، الموافق 12 أو 13 سبتمبر 622م على ترجيح الكتاب (الرحيق ص163–164)."
   }
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/ibn-hisham-sira",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
   "source/zad-al-maad"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص161–166 نقلاً عن ابن هشام 1/482–487 وزاد المعاد 2/52–53 وصحيح البخاري 1/553–558 ورحمة للعالمين 1/95–96",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-12a"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 161–166"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "بعد أن أعلم جبريل النبي بمؤامرة قريش وأذن له في الخروج، خرج [[person/muhammad|النبي]] ليلة السابع والعشرين من صفر سنة أربع عشرة من البعثة من داره، وذر التراب على رؤوس المحاصرين، ثم مضى إلى بيت [[person/abu-bakr|أبي بكر]] وخرجا من خوخة في داره حتى بلغا [[place/ghar-thawr|غار ثور]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.161} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.163} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الليلة في البيت",
     "markdown": "طلب النبي من أبي بكر أن يخرج من عنده ليخلو بالأمر، فقال أبو بكر: إنما هم أهلك، فقال النبي: إنه قد أذن له في الخروج، فسأله أبو بكر الصحبة، فقال نعم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.161}. وجعل المشركون رقباء على بابه من عتمة الليل، فأمر النبي عليّاً أن ينام على فراشه ويتسجّى ببرده الحضرمي الأخضر {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.163}. وفي الصباح أخبرهم رجل بأنهم قد ذروا التراب على رؤوسهم لغير شيء، فنظروا فإذا علي على الفراش {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.163}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الغار",
     "markdown": "بلغ الغار بعد أن سلك طريقاً يضاد طريق المدينة المعروف، جنوباً نحو اليمن، ثم صعد جبل ثور الوعر، فحمله أبو بكر في آخر الطريق {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164}. ولما وصلا إلى الغار دخله أبو بكر أولاً ليكسحه، فسدّ جحراً فيه بإزاره، ثم أمر النبي بالدخول، فنام النبي في حجره، فلُدغ أبو بكر في رجله ولم يتحرك حتى لا ينتبه النبي، فتفل النبي عليها فذهب الألم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المكث ثلاثاً",
     "markdown": "مكث الاثنان في الغار ثلاث ليال، وكان عبد الله بن أبي بكر يبيت عندهما فيسمع ما تأتمره قريش ثم يخبرهما بذلك حين يختلط الظلام، ويرعى عليهما عامر بن فهيرة مولى أبي بكر منحة من الغنم، فيبيتان في رسلها حتى يعود بغنمه بغلس {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.165} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/553-554}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الطلب",
     "markdown": "جُن جنون قريش حين علمت بخروج النبي، فضربوا عليّاً وحبسوه، ثم ذهبوا إلى بيت أبي بكر، فسألوا أسماء بنت أبي بكر عن أبيها، فلطمها [[person/abu-jahl|أبو جهل]] لطمة طرح منها قرطها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.165} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/487}. وجعلت قريش مكافأة مائة ناقة لمن يعيد الرجلين حيين أو ميتين، ووضعوا الطرق تحت المراقبة المسلحة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.165}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عند باب الغار",
     "markdown": "وصل المطاردون إلى باب الغار، فقال أبو بكر للنبي إنه لو طأطأ أحدهم بصره لرآهما، فقال النبي له: اسكت، ثم قال: ما ظنك باثنين الله ثالثهما؟ فرجع المطاردون ولم يبق بينهم وبين النبي إلا خطوات {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.166} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/558}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- يذكر الكتاب أن خوف أبي بكر لم يكن على نفسه، بل لأنه إن قتل النبي هلكت الأمة، وقد روى ذلك عن النجدي {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.166}.\n- يرجح الكتاب أن ليلة الخروج كانت ليلة السابع والعشرين من صفر، وهو ترتيب مبني على بداية السنين من المحرم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "في الليل خرج النبي من بيته بعد أن نام علي في فراشه، واختبأ مع أبي بكر في غار على جبل. ثلاثة أيام كاملة كان ابن أبي بكر يحمل إليهما أخبار قريش، والمشركون يبحثون عنهما فلم يجدوهما."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/hijra-night-escape",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "After Gabriel informed the [[person/muhammad|Prophet]] of the plot of Quraysh and gave him leave to go out, the Prophet left his house on the night of the twenty-seventh of Safar, the fourteenth year of the mission. He threw dust on the heads of those surrounding it, then went to the house of [[person/abu-bakr|Abu Bakr]], and they went out through a small door in his house until they reached the [[place/ghar-thawr|Cave of Thawr]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.161} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.163} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The night in the house",
     "markdown": "The Prophet asked Abu Bakr to leave him so that he could be alone with the matter. Abu Bakr said: \"They are only your family.\" The Prophet said: \"I have been given leave to go out.\" Abu Bakr asked for companionship, and he said yes. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.161} The polytheists placed watchmen at his door from the darkness of the night, so the Prophet ordered Ali to sleep in his bed and wrap himself in his green Hadrami cloak. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.163} In the morning a man told them they had thrown dust on their heads for nothing, and they looked and found Ali on the bed. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.163}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The cave",
     "markdown": "They reached the cave after taking a road that runs against the known road to Medina, south toward Yemen, and then climbed the rough mountain of Thawr, with Abu Bakr carrying him at the end of the way. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164} When they reached the cave, Abu Bakr went in first to clear it; he stopped a hole with his waistcloth, and then the Prophet ordered him to enter. The Prophet slept in his lap, Abu Bakr was bitten in his foot and did not move so as not to wake the Prophet, and the Prophet spat on it and the pain went away. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Three nights",
     "markdown": "The two remained in the cave for three nights. Abd Allah ibn Abi Bakr spent the nights with them, heard what Quraysh were plotting, and told them when darkness fell. Amir ibn Fuhayra, Abu Bakr's client, pastured a flock of sheep for them, so they slept with its milk until he came back with his flock before dawn. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.165} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/553-554}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The pursuit",
     "markdown": "Quraysh went wild when they learned the Prophet had gone out. They struck Ali and imprisoned him, then went to the house of Abu Bakr and asked Asma, Abu Bakr's daughter, about her father; [[person/abu-jahl|Abu Jahl]] slapped her so hard that her earring fell from her. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.165} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/487} Quraysh set a reward of a hundred camels for whoever brought back the two men, alive or dead, and placed armed watch on the roads. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.165}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "At the mouth of the cave",
     "markdown": "The pursuers reached the mouth of the cave. Abu Bakr said to the Prophet that if one of them lowered his gaze he would see them. The Prophet said: \"Be quiet. What do you think of two whom God makes the third?\" The pursuers turned back, and there were only a few steps left between them and the Prophet. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.166} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/558}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The book holds that Abu Bakr's fear was not for himself but because if the Prophet were killed the community would be lost, which it relates from al-Najdi. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.166}\n- The book prefers that the night of departure was the twenty-seventh of Safar, an order based on counting the years from Muharram. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.164}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "At night the Prophet left his house after Ali had slept in his bed, and hid with Abu Bakr in a cave on a mountain. For three full days Abu Bakr's son brought them news of Quraysh, and the polytheists searched for them and did not find them."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/hijra-night-escape",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 20,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/ghar-thawr",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/muhammad",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-bakr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ali-ibn-abi-talib",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "نام على فراش النبي",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abi-bakr",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "يأتيهما بالأخبار من مكة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/amir-ibn-fuhayra",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "يرعى الغنم عليهما",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/abu-jahl",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "ضرب أسماء بنت أبي بكر حين سألها",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/hijra",
   "type": "caused",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/prophetic-era",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/hijra",
  "place/mecca",
  "event/battle-of-badr",
  "event/ghar-thawr",
  "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya",
  "event/farewell-pilgrimage",
  "event/hijra-departure",
  "event/isra-and-miraj"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}