{
 "id": "event/ibrahim-visits-ismail-in-mecca",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "ibrahim-visits-ismail-in-mecca",
 "label": {
  "ar": "رحلات إبراهيم إلى مكة",
  "en": "Ibrahim's journeys to Mecca"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كان إبراهيم يرحل إلى مكة بين آونة وأخرى ليطالع تركته، ولا يُعلم عدد رحلاته، إلا أن المصادر حفظت أربعاً: رحلة الرؤيا وفداء إسماعيل، وثلاثاً يرويها البخاري عن ابن عباس: وجد في الأولى امرأة إسماعيل تشكو فأوصى بتغيير العتبة، وفي الثانية امرأته الثانية تثني فأوصى بتثبيتها، وفي الثالثة لقي إسماعيل فبنيا الكعبة وأذّن في الناس بالحج.",
  "en": "Ibrahim travelled to Mecca from time to time to see what he had left there; the number is unknown but the sources preserve four journeys: the dream and the ransom of Ismail, and three narrated by al-Bukhari from Ibn Abbas: finding Ismail's first wife complaining (change the threshold), his second wife grateful (keep the threshold), and finally meeting Ismail, when together they raised the Kaaba and Ibrahim proclaimed the pilgrimage."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/pre-islamic-arabia"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "prophets",
  "sacred-space-and-pilgrimage"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": -2000.0007529244267,
  "latest": -1998.9986789599006
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "-2000~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "century",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "يقدّر المؤلف زمن إسماعيل بعشرين قرناً قبل الميلاد (الرحيق ص28)؛ لا تاريخ محدد للرحلات.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "-2000~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "century",
   "status": "tradition",
   "note": "يقدّر المؤلف زمن إسماعيل بعشرين قرناً قبل الميلاد (الرحيق ص28)؛ لا تاريخ محدد للرحلات.",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "-2000~",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "century",
    "status": "tradition",
    "note": "يقدّر المؤلف زمن إسماعيل بعشرين قرناً قبل الميلاد (الرحيق ص28)؛ لا تاريخ محدد للرحلات.",
    "sources": [
     "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
    ]
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الرحيق المختوم ص17–20 نقلاً عن قلب جزيرة العرب ص230–235 وتفهيم القرآن 1/553–556 وصحيح البخاري 1/474–476",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "raheeq-prose-batch-1a"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
   "source/sahih-al-bukhari",
   "source/qalb-jazirat-al-arab"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-fable-5-1); al-Raheeq al-Makhtum pp. 19–20"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كان [[person/ibrahim|إبراهيم]] يرحل إلى [[place/mecca|مكة]] بين آونة وأخرى ليطالع تركته، ولا يُعلم كم كانت هذه الرحلات، إلا أن المصادر التاريخية الموثوقة حفظت أربعاً منها {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرحلة الأولى: الرؤيا والفداء",
     "markdown": "ذكر الله في القرآن أنه أرى إبراهيم في المنام أنه يذبح [[person/ismail|إسماعيل]] فقام بامتثال الأمر ففداه الله بذبح عظيم، كما في [[passage/quran-37-103|الصافات 103]] إلى [[passage/quran-37-107|107]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19}. ويستدل المؤلف بسفر التكوين على أن إسماعيل كان أكبر من إسحاق بثلاث عشرة سنة، وبسياق القصة على أنها وقعت قبل ميلاد إسحاق لأن البشارة بإسحاق ذُكرت بعد سرد القصة بتمامها، فتتضمن القصة رحلة واحدة على الأقل قبل أن يشبّ إسماعيل {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19}. تفصيلها في [[event/sacrifice-of-ismail|فداء إسماعيل]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرحلات الثلاث في رواية البخاري",
     "markdown": "يروي البخاري الرحلات الثلاث الأخرى بطولها عن ابن عباس مرفوعاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/475-476}. لما شبّ إسماعيل وتعلّم العربية من [[group/jurhum|جرهم]] زوّجوه امرأة منهم وماتت أمه [[person/hajar|هاجر]]، فجاء إبراهيم يطالع تركته فلم يجد إسماعيل، فسأل امرأته فشكت ضيق العيش، فأوصاها أن تقول لإسماعيل أن يغيّر عتبة بابه؛ ففهم إسماعيل مراد أبيه فطلّقها وتزوج [[person/bint-mudad-al-jurhumi|ابنة مضاض بن عمرو]] كبير جرهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19} {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab p.230}.\n\nوجاء إبراهيم مرة أخرى بعد هذا الزواج الثاني فلم يجد إسماعيل، فسأل زوجته عنه وعن حالهما فأثنت على الله، فأوصى إلى إسماعيل أن يثبّت عتبة بابه، ورجع إلى فلسطين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19}.\n\nوجاء مرة ثالثة فلقي إسماعيل يبري نبلاً له تحت دوحة قريباً من زمزم، فقام إليه فصنع كما يصنع الوالد بالولد والولد بالوالد، وكان لقاؤهما بعد فترة طويلة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19}. وفي هذه المرة بنيا [[building/kaaba|الكعبة]] ورفعا قواعدها، وأذّن إبراهيم في الناس بالحج كما أمره الله {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.20} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/475-476}. تفصيلها في [[event/building-of-the-kaaba|رفع قواعد الكعبة]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظات للباحثين",
     "markdown": "- الرحلات الثلاث حديث واحد طويل في صحيح البخاري، كتاب الأنبياء؛ المؤلف يلخصه ويحيل إلى 1/475–476 من طبعته.\n- التاريخ تقديري: يقدّر المؤلف زمن إسماعيل بعشرين قرناً قبل الميلاد {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.28}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "للزوار الصغار",
     "markdown": "بعد أن ترك إبراهيم ابنه إسماعيل وأمه في مكة، كان يزورهما من حين إلى حين. وفي زيارته الأخيرة بنى هو وإسماعيل الكعبة معاً."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/ibrahim-visits-ismail-in-mecca",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "[[person/ibrahim|Ibrahim]] travelled to [[place/mecca|Mecca]] from time to time to see to his property. How many journeys there were is not known, but reliable historical sources preserve four of them. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The first journey: the vision and the ransom",
     "markdown": "God mentions in the Qur'an that He showed Ibrahim in a dream that he was slaughtering [[person/ismail|Isma'il]], so he carried out the command, and God ransomed him with a great sacrifice, as in [[passage/quran-37-103|37:103]] to [[passage/quran-37-107|107]]. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19} The author argues from the book of Genesis that Isma'il was thirteen years older than Isaac, and from the context of the story that it happened before Isaac's birth, because the good news of Isaac is mentioned after the whole story is told; so the story includes at least one journey before Isma'il grew up. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19} Its details are on [[event/sacrifice-of-ismail|the ransom of Isma'il]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The other three journeys in al-Bukhari's account",
     "markdown": "Al-Bukhari relates the other three journeys in full, from Ibn Abbas, traced to the Prophet. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/475-476} When Isma'il grew up and learned Arabic from the [[group/jurhum|Jurhum]], they married him to a woman of theirs, and his mother [[person/hajar|Hajar]] died. When Ibrahim came to see to his property, he did not find Isma'il, so he asked his wife about him, and she complained of the hardship of their living. He told her to tell Isma'il to change the threshold of his door. Isma'il understood his father's meaning, divorced her, and married the daughter of [[person/bint-mudad-al-jurhumi|Mudad ibn Amr]], the chief of the Jurhum. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19} {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab p.230}\n\nIbrahim came again after this second marriage and did not find Isma'il. He asked his wife about him and about their condition, and she praised God. He charged her to tell Isma'il to keep firm his door-threshold, and went back to Palestine. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19}\n\nHe came a third time and found Isma'il trimming an arrow under a tree near the Zamzam. He rose to him and did as a father does with a son and a son with a father; their meeting came after a long absence. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.19} On this visit they built the [[building/kaaba|Ka'ba]] and raised its foundations, and Ibrahim proclaimed the pilgrimage among the people as God had commanded him. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.20} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/475-476} Its details are on [[event/building-of-the-kaaba|the raising of the foundations of the Ka'ba]]."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes for researchers",
     "markdown": "- The three journeys are a single long hadith in the book of the Prophets in Sahih al-Bukhari; the author summarises it and refers to 1/475–476 of his edition.\n- The date is an estimate: the author puts the time of Isma'il at about twenty centuries before Christ. {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.28}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "For young visitors",
     "markdown": "After Ibrahim left his son Isma'il and his mother in Mecca, he visited them from time to time. On his last visit, he and Isma'il built the Ka'ba together."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/ibrahim-visits-ismail-in-mecca",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 14,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/mecca",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ibrahim",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الزائر",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ismail",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الابن المقيم بمكة",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq",
    "source/sahih-al-bukhari"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/bint-mudad-al-jurhumi",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "زوج إسماعيل الثانية التي أثنت على الله",
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/sacrifice-of-ismail",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "event/building-of-the-kaaba",
   "type": "has_part",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "period/pre-islamic-arabia",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/sacrifice-of-ismail",
  "person/ibrahim",
  "person/ismail",
  "building/kaaba",
  "event/building-of-the-kaaba",
  "event/settlement-of-hajar-and-ismail",
  "place/mecca",
  "person/hajar"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}